Microbial Causes of Bacterial Skin Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common organism involved in skin disease?

  • Salmonella enterica
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Coagulase +ve Staphylococci (correct)
  • Escherichia coli

What is the cause of dermatophilosis in horses, cattle, and sheep?

  • Mycobacteria from soil
  • Dermatophilus congolensis (correct)
  • Treponema cuniculi infection
  • Gram-negative bacteria invasion

Which of the following can contribute to the occurrence of skin disease?

  • A mature immune system
  • Adequate skin barrier function
  • Inadequate nutrition (correct)
  • A thick stratum corneum

What is a common cause of mechanical damage to the skin?

<p>Ectoparasites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species is more susceptible to bacterial skin disease due to inherent skin barrier weaknesses?

<p>Dogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the high incidence of bacterial skin disease in dogs compared to other species?

<p>A lack of lipid seal at opening to hair follicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of greasy pig disease in piglets?

<p>S hyicus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bumblefoot?

<p>A disease caused by mechanical damage of the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the occurrence of exudative epidermatitis in piglets?

<p>Immunocompromise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to changes in the skin microclimate?

<p>Mechanical damage to the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of botryomycosis?

<p>Lesions contain small yellow granules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacterial infection can cause nodular masses that may involve bone?

<p>Nocardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic test for bacterial skin infections?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should antibiotics be used for abscesses?

<p>Only if cellulitis/pyrexia involved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the broad principle of treatment for bacterial skin diseases?

<p>Minimize the use of antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause vascular damage of the skin leading to necrosis in systemic bacterial infections?

<p>Toxins produced by bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic test for bacterial skin infections?

<p>Radiography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way to enhance the body's defenses against bacterial skin diseases?

<p>Address the underlying cause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Actinomyces infection?

<p>It forms filamentous bacterial granulomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of bacterial skin infection in dogs?

<p>Staphylococcal infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection involves infection within the hair follicle?

<p>Superficial pyoderma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of deep pyoderma?

<p>Associated with thickening of skin/subcutaneous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of inflammatory response in pyoderma?

<p>Pyogenic - mainly neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe acute lesions caused by skin self-trauma in dogs?

<p>Acute moist dermatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of bacterial skin infection in sheep?

<p>Pseudomonas infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe poorly-delineated suppurative inflammation of deep subcutaneous connective tissue?

<p>Cellulitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is caused by traumatic implantation of saprophytic organisms?

<p>Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of bacterial skin infection in cats?

<p>Mycobacterial infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe mixed microbial overgrowth in skin folds of dogs?

<p>Canine intertrigo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the extension of folliculitis where the rupture of hair follicle wall occurs, allowing microbes and free keratin to enter the dermis?

<p>Furunculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacterial granulomatous dermatitis?

<p>Common in cats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacterial infection is characterized by poorly-delineated suppurative inflammation of deep subcutaneous connective tissue?

<p>Cellulitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common diagnostic test for bacterial skin infections?

<p>Cytology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the broad principle of treatment for bacterial skin diseases?

<p>Kill the organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of bacterial skin infection in rabbits?

<p>Abscess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are antibiotics indicated for abscesses?

<p>If cellulitis or pyrexia is involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of skin lesions secondary to systemic bacterial infections or infections with toxin-producing bacteria?

<p>Vascular damage of the skin leading to necrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is characterized by infection within the epidermis and/or hair follicle, leading to papules, pustules, crusts, and alopecia?

<p>Deep pyoderma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe poorly-delineated suppurative inflammation of deep subcutaneous connective tissue?

<p>Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is characterized by bacterial multiplication on the skin surface only, often with mixed microbial overgrowth and neutrophilic inflammation?

<p>Surface pyoderma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is characterized by infection outside the epidermis or hair follicle epithelium, often due to rupture of the hair follicle wall or penetrating wounds?

<p>Deep pyoderma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is characterized by infection within the epidermis between the hair follicles, leading to interfollicular infection of the epidermis?

<p>Impetigo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacterial skin infection is characterized by infection between the layers of the stratum corneum, resulting in intraepidermal splitting and scale formation?

<p>Exfoliative superficial pyoderma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial skin disease?

<p>Surface pyoderma, Superficial pyoderma, Deep pyoderma, Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis, Skin lesions secondary to systemic bacterial infection or infection with toxin-producing bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of surface pyoderma?

<p>Bacteria multiply on skin surface only, mixed microbial overgrowth +/- neutrophilic inflammation, canine intertrigo ('skin fold pyoderma’), acute moist dermatitis (pyotraumatic dermatitis, 'hotspots’), bacterial overgrowth syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of superficial pyoderma?

<p>Infection within epidermis +/or hair follicle, papules/pustules leading to crust, epidermal collarettes/scale, follicular plugs, alopecia, primarily neutrophilic inflammation, bacterial folliculitis, impetigo, exfoliative superficial pyoderma, dermatophilosis, fleece rot, greasy pig disease (Exudative epidermitis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of deep pyoderma?

<p>Infection outside epidermis or hair follicle epithelium, rupture of hair follicle wall (furunculosis), penetrating wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of bacterial granulomatous dermatitis?

<p>Rupture of hair follicle wall, penetrating wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of skin lesions secondary to systemic bacterial infection or infection with toxin-producing bacteria?

<p>Poorly-delineated suppurative inflammation of deep subcutaneous connective tissue, nodular masses that may involve bone, vascular damage of the skin leading to necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common diagnostic tests for bacterial skin infections?

<p>Cytology, bacterial culture, biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common clinical signs of haematogenous spread (sepsis) in bacterial skin infections?

<p>Common clinical signs of haematogenous spread (sepsis) in bacterial skin infections include thickening of skin/subcutaneous tissue, presence of nodules, and draining sinuses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is furunculosis and what is it commonly associated with?

<p>Furunculosis is the extension of folliculitis where the rupture of hair follicle wall occurs, allowing microbes and free keratin to enter the dermis. It is commonly associated with pyogranulomatous inflammation, characterized by the presence of neutrophils and macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an abscess and what are the common causes of abscessation in large animals and cats?

<p>An abscess is a localized collection of pus in the dermal or subcutaneous tissue, surrounded by granulation tissue or fibrous connective tissue. In large animals, abscesses are commonly caused by wounds and foreign bodies, while in cats, they can have a wide range of organisms involved depending on the species and cause of abscessation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulitis and what are some organisms that can cause malodour/gas production in cellulitis?

<p>Cellulitis is poorly-delineated suppurative inflammation of deep subcutaneous connective tissue. Some organisms can cause malodour and gas production in cellulitis, such as Clostridia in sheep and cattle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bacterial granulomatous dermatitis and what are some examples of bacteria that can cause it?

<p>Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis is caused by the traumatic implantation of saprophytic organisms. It can manifest as mycobacterial granulomas/pyogranulomas in cats or non-filamentous/filamentous bacterial granulomas depending on the bacteria involved. Examples of bacteria that can cause bacterial granulomatous dermatitis include Staphylococci, Streptococci, Actinobacillus, Nocardia, and Actinomyces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the skin lesions that can occur as a result of systemic bacterial infections or infections with toxin-producing bacteria?

<p>Skin lesions that can occur as a result of systemic bacterial infections include vascular damage and necrosis. Infections with toxin-producing bacteria can lead to acute febrile illness with shock, visceral disease, and cutaneous lesions, similar to toxic shock syndrome in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common diagnostic tests for bacterial skin infections?

<p>Common diagnostic tests for bacterial skin infections include cytology (visualizing inflammatory cell type and microorganisms), culture (for pustule or deep tissue biopsy), and histopathology (skin biopsy). Special stains, such as Ziehl-Neelsen for mycobacteria, may also be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the broad principles of treatment for bacterial skin diseases?

<p>The broad principles of treatment for bacterial skin diseases include killing the organism, minimizing the use of antibiotics where possible, using topical antibacterials for surface/superficial infections, using systemic antibiotics for deep infections based on culture and susceptibility testing, enhancing the body's defenses where possible, and addressing the underlying cause whenever possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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