Microbial Adhesion and Pathological Effects Quiz

The increase in intracellular calcium levels activates actin-severing enzymes and protein kinases, which then lead to vesiculation and disruption of the microvilli.

The activation of protein kinases by the increase in intracellular calcium levels allows for maximal activation of the protein kinases, resulting in major changes to the cytoskeleton and alterations in the permeability of the membrane to ions.

The changes in ion permeation result in ion secretion and reduction in absorption, resulting in the secretory diarrhea that is the hallmark of this disease.

<p>The large plasmid found in a majority of enteropathogenic E.coli isolates codes for its adhesive properties, which is crucial for the bacteria to attach to the host epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbial biofilms develop when microorganisms adhere irreversibly to a submerged surface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate adhesion and provide a structural matrix. In the context of medical devices, biofilms can form on the surface of indwelling devices that have been inserted into the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amounts and types of nutrients available, pH, oxidation reduction potentials, resistance to local antibacterial substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in intracellular calcium levels is a key event that activates actin-severing enzymes and protein kinases, leading to disruption of the host cell's microvilli and changes in the cytoskeleton and membrane permeability, which are crucial for the bacteria to establish a successful infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the presence of bacterial pili/fimbriae or other microbial surface components</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for nutrients, inhibition of growth by metabolic products produced by other microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participates in human nutrition and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherence to specific receptor sites on epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adhering to specific receptor sites on epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms within biofilms are imbedded within the extracellular polymer matrix, which makes them highly resistant to antibiotic treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These infections are refractory to antimicrobial therapy, so surgical intervention is required to remove the infected device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron is required for the subsequent growth and multiplication of the microorganism after it adheres to a body site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The majority of iron in the human body is bound by lactoferrin, transferrin, ferritin, and hemin, leaving little free iron available to support microbial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms have evolved a number of mechanisms for the acquisition of iron from their environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilm formation on embedded plastic and stainless steel devices, which are used in well-intentioned medical treatments, provides an example of how these activities create new environments for microorganisms to colonize and cause infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers