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Questions and Answers
Which gases are produced during the fermentation of dough?
Which gases are produced during the fermentation of dough?
CO2
What is the primary function of Lactobacillus in the production of curd?
What is the primary function of Lactobacillus in the production of curd?
- To coagulate milk proteins (correct)
- To produce CO2
- To digest sugar
- To ferment hard materials
Which organism is known as baker's yeast?
Which organism is known as baker's yeast?
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (correct)
- Lactobacillus
All microbes are harmful to humans.
All microbes are harmful to humans.
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What vitamin's nutritional quality is improved by converting milk to curd?
What vitamin's nutritional quality is improved by converting milk to curd?
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The production of curd from milk is carried out by ______.
The production of curd from milk is carried out by ______.
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Study Notes
Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microbes are essential components of biological systems, present in various ecosystems, including soil, water, air, and the human body.
- They can thrive in extreme environments, such as high-temperature geysers and acidic locations.
- Microorganisms include diverse forms such as protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and microscopic viruses like viroids and prions.
Microbes in Household Products
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Yogurt Production:
- Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus, are used to ferment milk into curd.
- LAB produce acids that coagulate milk proteins, enhancing nutritional value by increasing Vitamin B12 and improving digestion.
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Dough Fermentation:
- Fermentation occurs in dough for foods like dosa, idli, and bread, primarily due to bacteria and yeast.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced during this metabolic process, causing the dough to rise.
- Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is specifically utilized in bread-making.
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Traditional Fermented Foods:
- Fermentation is a common method for creating various traditional foods and beverages, including 'toddy,' which is made from fermented sap in certain regions of southern India.
Microbes in Industrial Applications
- Microbes play a significant role in industrial processes, contributing to the production of various products and substances.
- They are utilized in the manufacturing of enzymes, antibiotics, and other biotechnological applications.
Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- In sewage treatment, specific bacteria and fungi are employed to break down organic matter, thereby purifying wastewater and promoting environmental health.
Microbes in Production of Biogas
- Microbes are integral to anaerobic digestion processes, converting organic waste into biogas, which serves as a renewable energy source.
Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
- Certain microbes can act as biocontrol agents, helping to manage agricultural pests and diseases in a sustainable manner, reducing dependence on chemical pesticides.
Microbes as Biofertilizers
- Certain bacteria and fungi enhance soil fertility by promoting nutrient uptake and organic matter decomposition, thus acting as biofertilizers to support plant growth.
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