23 Questions
What type of environment do extremophiles thrive in?
Harsh conditions
How do changes in osmotic concentrations affect microbial cells in a hypertonic solution?
Cells are dehydrated
What is the purpose of quorum sensing in bacterial cells?
To facilitate communication within microbial populations
How are defined (synthetic) media different from complex media?
Defined media contain ingredients with chemical formulas, while complex media do not.
What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink
Which type of culture media is specifically tailored to support the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms?
Supportive (general purpose) media
How do osmophiles differ from halophiles?
Osmophiles synthesize compatible solutes that don't interfere with growth
What is the primary function of enrichment cultures in microbiology?
To promote the growth of specific types of microbes
What is the measure of the degree of water availability known as?
Water activity (aw)
In microbiology, what is the purpose of using the pour-plate method for isolating pure cultures?
To dilute a microbial sample before plating
What is the ratio used to calculate water activity?
Ratio of solution’s vapor pressure to that of pure water
How are culture media classified in microbiology?
By their chemical composition, physical nature, and function
What does pH measure in a solution?
Acidity level
What type of microorganism requires oxygen for growth?
Microaerophile
Which enzyme is responsible for converting H2O2 into water and oxygen?
Catalase
What is the function of superoxide dismutase in microorganisms?
Converts O2- into water and oxygen
Which type of microorganism can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen?
Facultative anaerobe
What is the main role of chaperones in microbial cells?
Stabilizing membrane structure
Which microbial enzyme catalyzes the reaction: H2O2 + NADH + H+ → 2 H2O + NAD+?
Peroxidase
What does 'k' represent in the context of growth rate calculation?
Growth rate constant (number of generations per unit time)
If a population doubles, what is the relationship between Nt and N0?
Nt = 2N0
What is the formula to calculate the generation time based on the growth rate constant?
Generation time = reciprocal of growth rate constant
In the context of binary fission, what does 'Nt' represent?
Population at time t
Test your knowledge on how microbes adapt to changes in osmotic concentrations. Learn about hypertonic and hypotonic environments, mechanisms to lower solute concentration in cytoplasm, and osmophiles and halophiles.
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