Microbacteriology Classification of Microorganisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Name a group of aerobic gram-positive cocci that are catalase positive.

Staphylococcus

Which microorganism is known for causing meningococcal disease, often transmitted via droplets and entering the bloodstream?

Neisseria meningitidis

What type of staining is used to detect fungi in the laboratory?

Silver staining

What technique is used to find nucleic acids, including in the identification of microorganisms?

<p>Hybridisation &amp; Amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps of PCR in the correct order.

<p>Denatur (95º), annealing (-50º), Extension (72º)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of subacute infective endocarditis?

<p>Viridans group of streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major treatment for infective endocarditis?

<p>Antimicrobials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of infective endocarditis?

<p>Vegetations</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

<p>Bloodborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chronic Hepatitis C?

<p>Direct-acting antiviral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main causes of catheter-related bloodstream infections?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of Hepatitis B antibodies used for diagnosis?

<p>Surface antigen and core antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of acute symptoms in bloodborne viruses Hepatitis A and E?

<p>Feacal to oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic tool for infective endocarditis?

<p>Blood culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for septic shock?

<p>Fluids and inotropes/pressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having both surface and core antibody for Hepatitis B?

<p>You overcame the infection yourself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serological tests in diagnosing Hepatitis B?

<p>They test for antigens/DNA and antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

<p>Through blood-to-blood contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C?

<p>Direct-acting antiviral therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of catheters associated with device-related infections?

<p>Vascular and urinary catheters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Dacron cuff in a catheter?

<p>To prevent infection and secure the catheter in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Staphylococcus aureus that impacts treatment choice?

<p>It is coagulase-positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of sepsis in patients?

<p>Failure to handle an infection properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key diagnostic criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis?

<p>Presence of vegetations on heart valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is MRSA treated with vancomycin instead of beta-lactams?

<p>Vancomycin is active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Neisseria meningitidis when causing meningococcal disease?

<p>Transmission via droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of bacterial vaginosis, involving a variety of microorganisms including coliforms and yeast?

<p>Bacterial vaginosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic tool for viruses that cannot be detected via light microscopy?

<p>Antigen tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of Staphylococcus aureus infection?

<p>⅓ of people have it in their nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps involved in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in the correct order?

<p>Denaturation, Annealing, Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of endocarditis often related to poor mouth care?

<p>Viridans streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gram-positive cocci are catalase-negative?

<p>Enterococcus and streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used to find nucleic acids, including in the identification of microorganisms?

<p>Hybridisation &amp; Amplification (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of microorganisms based on the use of antibodies to identify the antigen?

<p>Serotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

What staining technique is used to detect fungi in the laboratory?

<p>Silver staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of microorganisms based on the use of antibodies to identify the antigen?

<p>Serotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of microorganisms is known to cause bacterial vaginosis, including coliforms and yeast?

<p>Variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of viridans streptococci when causing endocarditis?

<p>Common Cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method used to detect viruses that cannot be seen through a light microscope?

<p>Antigen Tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of infective endocarditis often related to poor mouth care?

<p>Staph Aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main technique used to find nucleic acids, including in the identification of microorganisms?

<p>Hybridisation &amp; Amplification (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps involved in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in the correct order.

<p>Denatur, Annealing, Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of meningococcal disease often transmitted via droplets and entering the bloodstream?

<p>Neisseria Meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main staining technique used to detect fungi in the laboratory?

<p>Silver Staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lactobacilli in a healthy vagina?

<p>Provide Nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of having both surface and core antibody for Hepatitis B.

<p>Having both surface and core antibody means the person has overcome the infection themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the diagnostic approach for differentiating between Hepatitis B infection stages using serological tests.

<p>Serological tests can distinguish between infection, vaccination, past infection, and current immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between Hepatitis A, E, and B in terms of symptom duration and treatment approach?

<p>Hepatitis A and E present with acute symptoms and are well treated, while Hepatitis B can become chronic and requires antiviral therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the treatment strategy for Hepatitis B infection based on the patient's HBeAg status.

<p>Patients with HBeAg positive status are eligible for antivirals, while those without it may not receive antiviral treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for septic shock, and why is it crucial?

<p>The primary treatment for septic shock is maintaining blood pressure using fluid, inotropes, or pressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of Hepatitis B, and provide examples of such medications.

<p>Nucleoside analogues like entecavir, tenofovir, and lamivudine are used to inhibit viral replication in Hepatitis B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the Dacron cuff in catheters used for medical procedures.

<p>The Dacron cuff is antimicrobial and helps secure the catheter in place by allowing the body to grow onto it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the diagnosis and treatment approach for infective endocarditis, including key diagnostic criteria and major treatment options.

<p>Diagnosis involves blood culture positivity and echocardiogram findings, while treatment includes antimicrobials like vancomycin and gentamicin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the classification of microorganisms based on the use of antibodies to identify the antigen, and provide an example.

<p>Microorganisms can be classified based on antigen-antibody reactions, such as identifying Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infections and the main causes of such infections.

<p>Diagnosis involves identifying pathogens causing infections related to catheters, with Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus being common causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the common cause of bacterial vaginosis, involving a variety of microorganisms including coliforms and yeast.

<p>Bacterial vaginosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of viridans streptococci when causing endocarditis?

<p>Viridans streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the aerobic gram-positive cocci that are catalase positive.

<p>Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C?

<p>Antiviral medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for septic shock?

<p>Immediate administration of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps involved in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in the correct order.

<p>Denaturation, Annealing, Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of staining is used to detect fungi in the laboratory?

<p>Silver staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lactobacilli in a healthy vagina?

<p>Competitively inhibit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method used to detect viruses that cannot be seen through a light microscope?

<p>Antigen tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic tool for viruses that cannot be detected via light microscopy?

<p>Antigen tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of having both surface and core antibody for Hepatitis B.

<p>Having both surface and core antibody indicates that the individual has overcome the infection themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Mycobacterium when conducting acid fast testing?

<p>Mycobacterium retains the stain despite acid washing, leading to the term 'acid-fast'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute symptoms in bloodborne viruses Hepatitis A and E?

<p>The primary cause of acute symptoms in Hepatitis A and E is the fecal-oral route of transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

<p>Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of sepsis in patients?

<p>Sepsis in patients is mainly caused by the body's inadequate response to an infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of endocarditis often related to poor mouth care?

<p>The main cause of endocarditis related to poor mouth care is oral streptococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of viridans streptococci when causing endocarditis?

<p>Viridans streptococci are known for causing subacute endocarditis due to their slow culture growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of Staphylococcus aureus infection?

<p>The hallmark sign of Staphylococcus aureus infection is the formation of abscesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C?

<p>The main treatment for chronic Hepatitis C involves Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the treatment strategy for Hepatitis B infection based on the patient's HBeAg status.

<p>Patients with positive HBeAg require antiviral therapy, while those without it may not need immediate treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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