Endocrine 1

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What type of cell is responsible for producing growth hormone (GH)?

Corticotrophs

Somatotrophs (correct)

Lactotrophs

Thyrotrophs

Which hormone is produced by the gonadotrophs?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Prolactin (PRL)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (correct)

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

To regulate the autonomic nervous system

To produce hormones

To coordinate the endocrine and nervous systems (correct)

To control body temperature

What type of cell is responsible for producing prolactin (PRL)?

Lactotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a neurosecretory neuron and a conducting neuron?

Neurosecretory neurons release hormones, while conducting neurons transmit electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell stains poorly with dyes and is known as 'chromophobes'?

Chromophobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinusoids in the adenohypophysis?

They are blood vessels that transport hormones to the target tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a part of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

Pars nervosa Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the thyrotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

To transport releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

To regulate the sleep-wake cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone has an intracellular method of action?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Prolactin (PRL) on dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus?

Increases dopamine synthesis and release Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the immune system by promoting proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?

Prolactin (PRL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Activates phospholipase C and PI3-kinase Signup and view all the answers

Where does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) bind to stimulate the synthesis and storage of thyroglobulin?

Thyroid epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

How do triiodothyronine (T3) or tetraiodothyronine (T4) regulate the production of TRH and TSH?

By negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pars distalis Signup and view all the answers

Where is Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from and what system does it act on?

Released from hypothalamic neurons, acts on gonadotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormone is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Protein hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CRH?

To stimulate the release of ACTH Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the CRH-ACTH pathway?

ADH potentiates the release of ACTH from corticotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)?

To stimulate the production of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids regulate the CRH-ACTH pathway?

Glucocorticoids negatively regulate CRH production and ACTH release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

What does FSH signal the production of in both males and females?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Where does LH bind to signal the production of testosterone in females?

Thecal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for LH when it binds to interstitial cells in males?

ICSH Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the male reproductive system does FSH bind to?

Sustentacular cells Signup and view all the answers

What do gonadal steroids do when they bind to cells of the hypothalamus and pars distalis?

Inhibit FSH production Signup and view all the answers

What do inhibin and activin, as members of the TGF-beta superfamily, do in relation to FSH?