30 Questions
What type of cell is responsible for producing growth hormone (GH)?
Somatotrophs
Which hormone is produced by the gonadotrophs?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
To coordinate the endocrine and nervous systems
What type of cell is responsible for producing prolactin (PRL)?
Lactotrophs
What is the difference between a neurosecretory neuron and a conducting neuron?
Neurosecretory neurons release hormones, while conducting neurons transmit electrical signals.
Which type of cell stains poorly with dyes and is known as 'chromophobes'?
Chromophobes
What is the function of the sinusoids in the adenohypophysis?
They are blood vessels that transport hormones to the target tissues.
Which of the following is not a part of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?
Pars nervosa
Which hormone is produced by the thyrotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
To transport releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
What is the main function of the pineal gland?
To regulate the sleep-wake cycle
Which type of hormone has an intracellular method of action?
Steroid hormones
What is the function of Prolactin (PRL) on dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus?
Increases dopamine synthesis and release
Which hormone stimulates the immune system by promoting proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?
Prolactin (PRL)
What is the role of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Activates phospholipase C and PI3-kinase
Where does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) bind to stimulate the synthesis and storage of thyroglobulin?
Thyroid epithelial cells
How do triiodothyronine (T3) or tetraiodothyronine (T4) regulate the production of TRH and TSH?
By negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pars distalis
Where is Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from and what system does it act on?
Released from hypothalamic neurons, acts on gonadotrophs
What type of hormone is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
Protein hormone
What is the primary function of CRH?
To stimulate the release of ACTH
What is the role of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the CRH-ACTH pathway?
ADH potentiates the release of ACTH from corticotrophs
What is the main function of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)?
To stimulate the production of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex
How do glucocorticoids regulate the CRH-ACTH pathway?
Glucocorticoids negatively regulate CRH production and ACTH release
What is the primary role of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
What does FSH signal the production of in both males and females?
Estrogen
Where does LH bind to signal the production of testosterone in females?
Thecal cells
What is another name for LH when it binds to interstitial cells in males?
ICSH
Which cells in the male reproductive system does FSH bind to?
Sustentacular cells
What do gonadal steroids do when they bind to cells of the hypothalamus and pars distalis?
Inhibit FSH production
What do inhibin and activin, as members of the TGF-beta superfamily, do in relation to FSH?
Inhibit FSH production
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