Endocrine 1
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Questions and Answers

What type of cell is responsible for producing growth hormone (GH)?

  • Corticotrophs
  • Somatotrophs (correct)
  • Lactotrophs
  • Thyrotrophs

    • Which hormone is produced by the gonadotrophs?

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

  • To regulate the autonomic nervous system
  • To produce hormones
  • To coordinate the endocrine and nervous systems (correct)
  • To control body temperature

    • What type of cell is responsible for producing prolactin (PRL)?

    <p>Lactotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a neurosecretory neuron and a conducting neuron?

    <p>Neurosecretory neurons release hormones, while conducting neurons transmit electrical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell stains poorly with dyes and is known as 'chromophobes'?

    <p>Chromophobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sinusoids in the adenohypophysis?

    <p>They are blood vessels that transport hormones to the target tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

    <p>Pars nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the thyrotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To transport releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pineal gland?

    <p>To regulate the sleep-wake cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone has an intracellular method of action?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Prolactin (PRL) on dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Increases dopamine synthesis and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the immune system by promoting proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?

    <p>Prolactin (PRL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Activates phospholipase C and PI3-kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) bind to stimulate the synthesis and storage of thyroglobulin?

    <p>Thyroid epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do triiodothyronine (T3) or tetraiodothyronine (T4) regulate the production of TRH and TSH?

    <p>By negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pars distalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from and what system does it act on?

    <p>Released from hypothalamic neurons, acts on gonadotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormone is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

    <p>Protein hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CRH?

    <p>To stimulate the release of ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the CRH-ACTH pathway?

    <p>ADH potentiates the release of ACTH from corticotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)?

    <p>To stimulate the production of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glucocorticoids regulate the CRH-ACTH pathway?

    <p>Glucocorticoids negatively regulate CRH production and ACTH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FSH signal the production of in both males and females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does LH bind to signal the production of testosterone in females?

    <p>Thecal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for LH when it binds to interstitial cells in males?

    <p>ICSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the male reproductive system does FSH bind to?

    <p>Sustentacular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gonadal steroids do when they bind to cells of the hypothalamus and pars distalis?

    <p>Inhibit FSH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do inhibin and activin, as members of the TGF-beta superfamily, do in relation to FSH?

    <p>Inhibit FSH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

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