MICR 290 Course Overview Quiz

The ability to prevent the growth of bacteria, essential in controlling bacterial infections.

Removing ALL microorganisms, including bacterial spores, from a surface or object.

Reducing the number of microorganisms on a surface or object to a safe level.

Reducing the number of microorganisms on living tissue, particularly pathogens.

Reducing the number of microorganisms on food-contact surfaces to a level deemed safe for public health.

Methods that utilize physical agents like radiation, osmosis, and temperature to inhibit bacterial growth or kill them.

Bacterial metabolism slows at low temperatures, hindering reproduction. Common in refrigerators.

High temperatures kill bacteria. This method involves using heat to control bacterial growth.

The physical methods used to kill bacteria, including methods involving heat.

A range of temperatures that encompasses the ideal temperature for the survival and reproduction of a particular bacterial species.

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Examples include antibiotics, bleach, and alcohol.

A type of antibacterial agent that targets specific bacterial pathways, often used internally to treat infections.

A common mechanism of action for antibacterial chemicals, where they disrupt the structure of proteins, often by impacting the amino acid chains.

A common mechanism of action for antibacterial chemicals, where they damage bacterial cell membranes, leading to leakage and cell death.

In ion exchange chromatography, the ionic strength of the buffer affects how strongly proteins bind to the resin. A low ionic strength means less salt ions competing with proteins for binding sites, allowing proteins to bind better.

A cation exchange resin attracts positively charged molecules. A low pH will increase the positive charge of a protein, enhancing its binding to the resin.

To elute a protein from a cation exchange column, you need to reduce its affinity for the resin. Increase the salt concentration to outcompete the protein for binding sites.

A buffer with a low pH is typically used to bind a positively charged protein to a cation exchange resin. This is because the low pH increases the positive charge of the protein, making it bind more strongly to the resin.

Increasing the salt concentration in a buffer disrupts the binding of proteins to the resin. This allows the desired protein to be eluted from the column.

Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their charge. A cation exchange resin is used to separate positively charged molecules.

In ion exchange chromatography, the ionic strength of the buffer affects how strongly proteins bind to the resin. A high ionic strength means more salt ions competing with proteins for binding sites, weakening the protein's binding

The process of gradually increasing the ionic strength of a buffer solution during chromatography to elute proteins with different charge strengths.

Using a mix of two buffers with different ionic strengths to gradually increase the salt concentration in a chromatography column.

A type of gradient in chromatography where the ionic strength of the buffer is increased gradually over time, allowing proteins to elute at different rates based on their charge.

A specialized chromatography system that uses pumps to precisely control the flow of buffers and gradients, used for accurate protein purification.

A type of chromatography that uses specific interactions between proteins and metal ions immobilized on a resin to purify proteins.

The temperature at which the primers bind to the template DNA during PCR.

The temperature at which DNA polymerase extends the primers, adding nucleotides to the 3' end, during PCR.

Short sequences of nucleotides designed to bind to specific regions of template DNA, initiating PCR amplification.

The process of copying DNA using PCR, where the primers bind to the template DNA, and DNA polymerase extends the primers, creating copies of the target DNA sequence.

A thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR, capable of functioning at high temperatures required for the process.

A commonly used thermostable DNA polymerase in PCR, derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

A specific temperature required for each PCR reaction, determined by the primer sequence, ensuring optimal binding and amplification.

The process of separating double-stranded DNA into single strands by applying high temperatures.