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Questions and Answers

How many moles of aluminum are present in 10.0 g of aluminum?

1.00 mol

0.371 mol (correct)

0.223 mol

0.500 mol

What is the total number of aluminum atoms in 0.371 mol of aluminum?

$4.00 x 10^{23}$ Al atoms

$3.00 x 10^{23}$ Al atoms

$1.12 x 10^{23}$ Al atoms

$2.23 x 10^{23}$ Al atoms (correct)

How do you calculate the molar mass of methane (CH4)?

Multiply the atomic mass of carbon by 4

Use the mass of hydrogen only

Add the mass of 6.022 x 10^{23} molecules

Add the atomic mass of 1 carbon and 4 hydrogens (correct)

What is the relationship between moles and particles in chemistry?

1 mol contains 6.022 x 10^{23} particles Signup and view all the answers

If 1 mol of a compound has a molar mass of 16 g, how much does 0.5 mol weigh?

8 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of methane (CH4)?

16.04 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the atomic mass of sulfur in sulfur dioxide (SO2)?

32.07 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

How many oxygen atoms are present in one mole of sulfur dioxide (SO2)?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the total mass of 1 mole of sulfur dioxide (SO2)?

64.07 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

If you have 50.0 g of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), which information would you use to find the number of moles?

The molar mass of Fe2O3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of one mole of carbon atoms?

12.01 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are there in 1 mole of methane (CH4)?

1 Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the molar mass of a compound?

By summing the atomic masses of all constituent atoms in the compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a mole in the context of chemical measurements?

The number equal to the number of carbon atoms in 12 grams of carbon. Signup and view all the answers

How many particles are there in 4.0 moles of CO2?

1.20 x 10^24 particles Signup and view all the answers

What is Avogadro's number?

6.022 x 10^23 Signup and view all the answers

How would you calculate the number of moles in a 10.0 g sample of aluminum?

Divide the mass by the molar mass of aluminum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of aluminum?

26.98 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

If 1 mole of a substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 atoms, how many atoms are in 0.5 moles of that substance?

3.01 x 10^23 atoms Signup and view all the answers

What role does the atomic mass of a substance play in its conversion to moles?

It defines the relationship between mass and moles. Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical equation, how is the concept of moles beneficial to calculations?

It provides a way to count atoms without complex calculations. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learner's Material

This is a science learner's material, for Grade 9.
It is part of Quarter 2.
It's published by DepEd CALABARZON, Curriculum and Learning Management Division.

Copyright Information

Republic Act 8293, section 176, states that no copyright shall subsist in any work produced by the Government.
Prior approval from the government agency is needed for profitable exploitation of work.
Borrowed materials in the book, such as stories, poems, pictures, photos, and brand names, belong to their respective copyright holders.
The publisher and authors do not assert ownership over them.
The material was revised according to DepEd Regional Office 4A and CLMD standards.

Credits

Job S. Zape, Jr., PIVOT 4A Instructional Design & Development Lead
Owen Agustin Peña, Content Creator & Writer
Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Internal Reviewer & Editor
Lhovie A. Cauilan & Jael Faith T. Ledesma, Layout Artist & Illustrator
Jhucel A. del Rosario & Melanie Mae N. Moreno, Graphic Artist & Cover Designer
Ephraim L. Gibas, IT & Logistics
Crist John Pastor, External Reviewer & Language Editor
Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral
Assistant Regional Director: Ruth L. Fuentes

Using the Module

For Parents/Guardians: Help learners understand the materials and activities in the new normal learning setup.
For Learners: Answer all activities on separate sheets. Use the PIVOT Assessment Card appropriately and submit outputs to your teacher.

Parts of the PIVOT 4A Learner's Material

Introduction: Presents the MELCs and learning objectives.
Development: Activities and tasks for building knowledge.
Engagement: Tasks and opportunities to connect concepts.
Assimilation: Activities for demonstrating learning and relating knowledge.

The Quantum Mechanical Model

Quantum mechanics emerged in the early 20th century.
Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who contributed to the field.
Bohr was interested in the discreet and line spectrum emitted by different elements and the structure of the atom.
Bohr proposed a planetary model of the atom.
Electrons revolve around the positively charged nucleus.
Electrons can jump between orbits by absorbing or emitting photons of light.

Quantum Numbers and Orbitals

The first quantum number (n) defines the size and energy of an orbital's relationship to nucleus.
The second quantum number (l) describes the shape of the orbital (s, p, d, or f).
The third quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of the orbital in space.
The fourth quantum number (ms) gives direction of electron spin (either +½ or -½).

Electron Configuration

The arrangements of electrons in an atom, governed by the Aufbau (building-up) principle and Pauli exclusion principle.
Aufbau principle states that electrons fill the lowest energy levels first.
Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons can have an identical set of four quantum numbers.
Electron configurations show the arrangement of electrons in subshells and orbitals, using notations like 1s2 2s2 2p5 .

Chemical Bonding

Forces that hold groups of atoms together, creating molecules and compounds.
Ionic Bonding: Atoms transfer electrons.
Covalent Bonding: Atoms share electrons.
Types of bonds include: ionic, covalent, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent.
Properties of compounds (e.g., melting/boiling points, conductivity) vary with bonding type.

Formation of Ions

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
Cations are positively charged ions when losing electrons.
Anions are negatively charged ions when gaining electrons.
Electron configuration is relevant in determining the ion charge.

General Classes of Organic Compounds

Most organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.
Main organic compound classes include: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Their functions and structures are also included in the text.

The Mole

The mole is a fundamental unit used to quantify the number of atoms or molecules in a substance.
Avogadro's number (approximately 6.022 x 1023) is the number of entities in one mole.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance in grams.