Mexican Judicial System: State and Federal Courts

• Parcial 1 includes topics such as Tribunal Superior de Justicia del Estado de Querétaro, Mercantil, Civil, Familiar, Penal, Electoral, Administrativo, and Especial Constitucional Local.

• When requirements are missing in a flawed administrative act, it's resolved through a nullity trial.

• Local amparos (appeals) can be produced.

• The Poder Judicial Federal (Federal Judicial Power) includes the SCJN (Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation).

• The Consejo de la Judicatura Federal (Federal Judiciary Council) and the Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Branch of the Federation) are also components.

• Tribunales colegiados (collegiate tribunals), Tribunal de Apelación (Appeals Tribunal), Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito (Collegiate Circuit Tribunal), and Tribunal de Distrito (District Tribunal) are mentioned.

• Federal authorities, like the Secretaría de Hacienda, have desconcentrados (decentralized entities) like the SAT.

• Administrative law encompasses many areas, being present in virtually all public law.

• Derecho administrativo (administrative law) gives obligations and powers to the administrativo (administrator) to perform duties.

• The Comisión de Competencia Económica reviews companies, their holdings regarding prices, and actions that constitute a monopoly.

• Companies can be forced to sell shares or compensate for damages when found engaging in monopolistic actions.

• There's coordination between administración pública (public administration) and public policies.

• Resource diversion in public education related to Rosario Robles and López Obrador shows a trend of differing social policies with political adversaries.

• Designing expenditure budgets with differences affects the Programa Nacional de Desarrollo (National Development Program).

• The Ley de Planeación results in reglas de operación, and actions derived from such rules can be administratively annulled.

• Materia administrativa (administrative matter) is like a genre influencing sectorial domains.

• Each sectorial area has normative aspects like the Código Fiscal de la Federación (Federal Fiscal Code) and laws for agricultural development and health.

• Transversal norms mark the legal regime of administrative authorities.

• The Constitución mentions what Congress can legislate and how the executive branch must observe federal laws.

• Municipal organization has regulatory power over matters not explicitly stated in articles 73 and 124.

• Article 115, section 3 of the constitution gives municipalities broad powers.

• State and municipal levels are contested in the state administrative justice tribunal; the federal level in the federal courts, regarding administrative acts.

• "Actividad de Policía u Ordenación" refers to the power and faculties of vigilance and protection of public safety.

• The control of the state was specialized in France 200 years ago, systematizing this area of control.

• The control has origins in ancient Babylon and Greece, and was present in medieval times where it was controlled and executed by a feudal lord to maintain security and power.

• Many activities are potentially risky and must be overseen.

• Currently, police ordering includes Sedena, the Navy, Guardia Nacional at the federal level, and local citizen security, civil protection, and public security at the local level.

• SAT is an example for monitoring actions of tax evasion or money laundering, requiring oversight of the lawful origin of financial resources.

• Police activity develops through intervention in a person's legal sphere if they are in a position to be subject to those powers.

• Police actions can infringe upon freedoms under administrative sanctioning laws, but only if the person has put themselves in a position for the authority to act.

• Police intervention is strong in promotion and public service due to the authority being the main actor.

• Police intervention occurs in our legal sphere.

• The text mentions "Facultades de Intervención" and "Técnicas de Intervención."

• Técnicas de Información are techniques where the legal system expects individuals to provide information to authorities.

• This information is used for administrative management, planning, and designing public policies.

• De Identificación involves obligations related to securing documentation or information that must be shared with authorities, such as fiscal information.

• Identificación de personas físicas refers to identifying physical persons.

• Identificación de personas morales refers to identifying legal entities.

• De Deberes Formales y Documentales refers to formal and documentary duties.

• De Deberes de Comunicación is where the law requires individuals to inform authorities of facts or circumstances they know about due to their activity.

• Condicionamiento has limitations and is intermediate because its non-compliance is limited, being neither slight nor intense.

• Comprobación occurs through homologation of titles as outlined in the Ley Federal de Profesiones.

• Because derecho (law) is abstract and distinct in each environment or area, homologation is also distinct.

• Certifications are carried out by the accreditation of CIIES, which has certain accreditations to support or accredit a specific claim by a competent entity.

• A favorable argument for collegiation is the freedom of profession, potentially aiding in training.

• Comprobación refers to verification.

• Declaración inicial de actividad refers to the initial declaration of activity.

• C. Técnicas de Autorización refers to authorization techniques.

• Licencias (licenses), permisos (permits), and autorizaciones (authorizations) are declarative, while concesiones (concessions) are constitutive.

• Extra requirements or discretionary administrative actions may be necessary.

• Actividad de ordenación o de policía refers to the material perspective of administrative activity and what the Administración (Administration) does.

• It's a task of conditioning private conduct that has a potentially harmful effect on the general interest.

• Reserva de ley y especificación refers to reserve of law and specification.

• Techniques range from less intrusive information techniques to more intrusive ablatory techniques, including conditioning techniques (TA, autorizatoria or autorización).

• Authorization of the lawful exercise of an activity involves an exam by the Administración of legal requirements and the activity's adaptation to the general interest.

• García de Enterría notes a concession with legally secure content, encompassing express resolutions, motivations, and temporalities.

• Santamaría Pastor defines certain potentially harmful activities that are subordinated to an administrative act of comprobación y declaración.

• There is a difference between authorization (declarative nature) and concession (constitutive act).

• Effective control is preventative, aiming for balance between preventative control and deregulation.

• Discrecionalidad weakens pre-existing rights.

• Discrecionalidad is when the authority authorized by law can make a decision between different options that are equally valid.

• Arbitrariedad is action outside the law.

• Motivation includes administrative discretion for nullity based on harm.

• Exercising discretion weakens pre-existing rights over authorizations.

• Market regulation impacts not only pre-existing rights but conditions the entire market.

• A state with intense regulation causes an exodus of companies.

• Solidez de la posición jurídica del Administrado refers to the solidity of the juridical position of the administered.

• REGLADAS Y DISCRECIONALES: Conditioned normative requirements for exercising activity - verification.

• The text distinguishes between REGLADAS (regulated) and DISCRECIONALES (discretionary).

• Conditions and requirements are not exhaustively established, allowing the Administration to freely assess their adjustment to the general good.

• Authority verifies upon receiving the request regarding documentation, values the general interest and decides based on inspections, reports, etc., making a valid conditional decision.

• Ricardo Rivera Ortega is cited regarding derecho administrativo económico (economic administrative law).

• Ablatorias expand passive situations and reduce active ones, initially when the law establishes or executes burdensome obligations.

• It exemplifies Article 31 Constitutional, Fraction V, which involves contributing to public spending.

• Examples include the completion of social service or the freedom of movement which allows authorities to prevent individuals from passing through certain circumstances if a restriction is in place.

• Passively expanding actions can be financial (pecuniarias) or personal, such as social/military service, or prohibiting movement.

• In the case of active reductions, they can be total or partial on patrimonial or rights and obligations where the law expects an affectation or reduction of the active situation.

• Limits the right of ownership (propiedad) when in a special regime (like USP or historic center due to UNESCO), which has a mandatory federal regime.

• Simple and Operatives is noted, and considers the element of time.

• S. is an initial and negative control without damage; however, service activities are foreseen with certain temporality, automatically renewable with a small procedure and possible changes.

• O. is one that tends to reproduce, requiring the administration to supervise, and occurring in punctuality where the municipalities issue licenses.

• Funcionamiento is one in which the participants organize to permit the operation in conjunct with the municipality, issuing authorizations attached to the physical space requested.

• En las licencias de funcionamiento, it refers to the temporal operations of an activity (service, negocio) in the future.

• Operation and Functionamiento differentiates in relation to purpose and nature with reference to the administration and to the private individual in the case of authorization to buy and sell things is not only about table dances being unregulated.

• Supervision will have the effects of nullification, and that the difference marks the responsibilities of the administration.

• BUSCAR LA CONCATENACIÓN ENTRE LAS AUTORIZACIONES PERMITIDAS POR EL ESTADO CON OTRAS LICENCIAS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO :Look for the concatenation between the authorization permitted by the state with other operating liceneses.

• The difference between each is the method to fight against each one.

• The utility of this classification is not only theorical but practical.

• Régimen Jurídico de las Autoridades Administrativas refers to the legal regime of administrative authorities.

• Trazos comunes a las autorizaciones en las diferentes Normativas sectoriales refers to common traces in the authorizations of different sectorial norms.

• The text notes that there is no prior law in respect that applies to all authorization due to all norms being transversally different, with the juridical regimes corresponding to each common trace.

• Otorgamiento refers to the giving of license or permits.

• Quiere decir que una licencia (a license, permit or authorization) is with a common regime of being the recipient of the solicitations of mutual properties with successively a law being implemented for authorization and the requirements of those laws being pertinent to the actual conditions of their creation.

• It is necessary to go back to previous material as it is fundamental to reading over the older information because changes to the administration occur in a way that is not accounted for in older norms.

• reception of documents in a discretional manner is that the official revises the documents against his own evaluations, versus regulated material versus regulations, everything must be observed.

• In the stage where a regime must come to existence to the point that the public will come to be against the particular interest and as a resolution there should be a written document and this is a favorable action that favors the citizen such that if there is an attack on that action they may move forward to demand the nullification of it with indemnization.

• An action can be solicited so that a resolution be quashed out in juridical limbo like with negative silence or positive silence which is suppose to has a timeframe to it.

• The act of the omission implies an inaction and it impeaches that an express response has not occurred and that the authority that is desitory with the action that it is that an act is fictious and therefore it will never be in accord with the regulations.

• The Regime General (General Regime) is of dejection in a district and federal manner.

• If there are possibilities of a possibility of positive silence a legal recourse can be implemented that implies that silence grants to the particular the demands that have been asked of it.

• The law foresees the emission of the certification of silent opposition.

• In the face of a negative action, the recourse of law must be exhausted otherwise nullification the certificaton must be presented to the TJA after the presentation of the receipt that mentions timeframes that indicate that the authorities must contest from they have transported and increased the litis demanda.

• The second common tracing of authorization are:

• Transmisibilidad (Transmissibility) important aspects of the classifications are REALES, PERSONALES, AND MIXTAS(REAL, PERSONAL AND MIXED).

In law what is not of the person is what is real. In administrative procedures the regulations are in general real with exceptions with the person like drinking alcoholic regulations.

• The Las L, P, and As(Licenses, Permits, Adjudications) are common denominators in what are general regulations.

• All general regulations are if the character of the regulation is of the person so it must have its attributes like what is proved by the administration, there fore the permission must not be transmissible

• Y la exhibición de ciertos documentos por parte del verificador o dícese Inspector con identificación con fotografía expedido por un órgano competente: And to exhibate some documents must be conducted by the administrator or the inspector with a photographic identification expedited by a competent body.

• Se levantara la orden de inspección que mencione el modo tiempo y lugar with two witnesses.

• It must be recorded the date is for the document to be null when the 67 is mentioned in the act.

• El 68 mencionara la formulación of obsarvasiones in the diligencia that nen those 5 das is good.

• In renfrancia is that the security and other that one might want seposibilita tal acción cautelar.

• EL ACTA CIRCUNSTANCIADA ES EL MECANISMO IS THE A MECHANISM OF LEGAL GOOD THAT IS POSSIBLE TO OPONE WITH TWO TESTIGOS.

• A todo acto administrativo le precede un procedimiento y este procedimiento administrativo también es un acto de seguridad jurídica:.Is when they precedes everything and is for a good reason

POLICIA U ORDENACION (Police u Ordination).

• -DAS SE CONSIDERA UNA TECNICA ABLATORIA PORQUE COADTO QUE COARTA O SECCIONA TOTAL O PAECIALMENTE: Se considera una ablotaory technique de what it cuts or sections to partially the thing

• . LA EXPROPIACION (Expropiation):

• Su fundmento is the Article 27

• It is the the private activity and social sector.

• ES UN MECANISMO DE AQUISICION DE LA PROPIEDAD : Is a mechanism of aquiacition of the properity that the state uses is there os a thing that implies utility. CARACTERISTICAS (Characteristics)

• Es Medida excepcional es el estado.

• ADMINISTRSTIVO ES EL DERECHO. ELEMENTOS DE LA EXPROPIACION (Expropiation Elements)

• AUTORIDAD EXPROPIANTE (Aurhority).

• BIEN EXPROPIADO. ( Property).

• PARTICULAR.

• INDEMINIZACION.(Indenmization)

• DE UTILIDAD PUBLICA. (Of Public utility)

• Forma de expropiación: Decomiso

• Es relacionado a un ilicito, poniéndose en marcha el proceso referente al ilicito que fuere y la administracion apropiarse, esto con fundamento en el 1 22 constitucional párrafo 2., siendo este complejo al ser autoritario.

• Mecanismo de adquisición de propiedad y es distinto del aseguramiento por que este ultimo es temporal y el decomiso es definitivo.. (Mechanism for acquiring property and is separate from security so as that there is an end and there is no process

• .Otro Modo de adquirir propiedad por parte del ente público es la extinción de dominio presente en su ley del mismo nombre.: Other manner in which they administer it

• .Otro es el exiguos, el cual es un mecanismo para adquirir bienes; residuos: Other way in which adminstering. En la

• .En la requisition it is for war which needs an indenmazion(Denmazion)

• for what militra is asking

• the nationalision is a juridical part like the way that donation or compraventa, and that that donation is is because to

• FOMENTO. Is for the support

• ES FOMENTO (Support):

• Desde el siglo 19 hay

• that there are other things that have to be done.

• En segundo lugar en función de nuestras libertades, participamos en lo particular: is for freedom

• Si existe de por medio una obligacion del particular es entonces una actividad de colaboración: If they exist de por medio the oblacion of the thing is an activity of collaboration.

• Hay una noción tendiente al progreso de la sociedad: Are some that say to the progreso to societario

• Por que los países mas industrializados al meterlos fomento tienen éxito de manera multifactorial?:What are more factoral to make it

• .Hay otras dos ideas, en la segunda a veces esta actividad de Fomento en lo constitucional, todos los niveles de gobierno o en lo especial o de manera concurrente inclusive con la ayuda del particular..

Tarea(Test) is is

• sector publico (sector public)

• sector social(sector social)

• DEFINICION Y EJEMPLO(Deinition and exacample)

• Bases del liberalismo económico en la teoría economical is the basis is the economic

• EN EL 23 (In the 23 ) mentions that the sectriales sectoriales the secrates are by what the president can say

• 24 MENCIONAN PARAESTATEALES

• 25 que abarcan 2 entidades ( Entities)

• EJ EJECICIO.

• ERRAR JURIDICO ( Juridical ERRAR)

• DERECHO A EL ACTO ADMINISTRATIVO (Right for the Administrative Act) .

• ACTIVIDADES DE POLICIA (Police Activities)

• VISISTAS DE VERIFICACION (visits of verification)

• RECURSOS DE EXPROPACION ( RESOURCES TO EXPROPIATIONS)

Es es.

• sercicio publico(serveico publico)

• . Sistemas de responsabilidad (respoasabilida de systemas)

• Noción legal ( legal nocion)

• Fomento en materia indígena, económica, agropecuario, siendo el común denominador el cual se encontrará mediante una técnica d realización indirecta d los fines de interés publico, o sea, es toda: Support for different things what has come now the thing and one should realize what is there but it can not be .

• Como característica es necesaria (what characteristics are needed):;

• Elementos de la subvencion ( Elements for a support): .Contraprestación controlada a partir de un cierto conocimiento,aprendizaje, emancipacion: It is what it must have from knowlodge(knowlodge)

Concepto sociojuridicoal tomar decisiones por si mismo, asumiendo que la mayoría d edad es a los 18 años: what you can do when your a little more older:. Es es

• (It is a part of a sector).Es criterio en lo ibtelectual(): What must one knows

• (There is a thing that be one must . ), cultural o social, etc.

• Es es what a the administrator of that sector(sector) must be there .- . Cumplimiento de determinados objetivos (compliance of the objectives)::

• It is for those who want to be the first of that sector

• .

• Es es. It is for this one must be . the one

: Es there any juridcial means, is there any law.

• Modalidades it depends of is the act that there is
• Modalidades;; .-

There is that one of those things

,.Is for what the govermenet had

,. Is what what an .and the .

Is for . What .?

That .the a is what 25 say a contribution to a That of what you must say so that you do an an agreement to be able to be at a a

deuda of the the state so you the That .so , so to