Questions and Answers
What classification does Metoprolol belong to?
What is the action of Metoprolol?
Blocks stimulation to beta1-adrenergic receptors without usually affecting beta2-adrenergic receptors.
What are the therapeutic effects of Metoprolol?
Decreases BP, heart rate, angina, and controlled congestive heart failure.
What are Beta1 adrenergic receptors associated with?
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What are the primary locations of beta2 adrenergic receptors?
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With what can Metoprolol be used?
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How is Metoprolol absorbed?
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Where is Metoprolol metabolized?
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How is Metoprolol excreted from the body?
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What factors affect the onset and duration of Metoprolol?
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What routes are available for Metoprolol administration?
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What will Metoprolol do in terms of distribution in the body?
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What are some contraindications/cautions for Metoprolol?
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What are some common side effects of Metoprolol?
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What are some adverse reactions of Metoprolol?
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Which medications should be monitored for interactions with Metoprolol?
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What is the maximum dose of Metoprolol?
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What assessments should be done when administering Metoprolol?
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Study Notes
Classification of Metoprolol
- A beta-adrenergic antagonist; classified as a beta-blocker antihypertensive.
Mechanism of Action
- Primarily blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors, minimal impact on beta2-adrenergic receptors.
- Reduces sympathetic nervous system effects, leading to a slower heart rate and decreased cardiac force.
- Results in lower cardiac output and blood pressure.
Therapeutic Effects
- Effective in lowering blood pressure and heart rate.
- Alleviates angina and helps to manage controlled congestive heart failure.
Beta1 Adrenergic Receptors
- Located in the myocardium, these receptors primarily influence heart function.
Beta2 Adrenergic Receptors
- Found in pulmonary, vascular, and uterine tissues, involved in various physiological responses.
Compatible Medications
- Can be safely combined with ACE inhibitors, diuretics, digoxin, and Toprol XL.
Absorption
- Metoprolol is well absorbed following oral administration.
Metabolism
- Primarily metabolized by the liver.
Excretion
- Excreted via breast milk and urine.
Onset and Duration
- The onset of effects and duration of action vary with the route of administration.
Administration Routes
- Available in oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) forms.
Distribution
- Crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB), placenta, and is present in breast milk.
Contraindications and Cautions
- Not recommended for patients with severe bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, or respiratory distress.
Side Effects
- Common side effects include fatigue, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, depression, diarrhea, and hypoglycemia.
Adverse Reactions
- Severe adverse outcomes can include bradycardia, heart failure, pulmonary edema, AV block, and rebound hypertension upon abrupt cessation.
Drug Interactions
- Increased bradycardia when used with diltiazem; reduced metoprolol effectiveness with certain antidepressants.
- Interacts with ethanol (alcohol).
Max Dose
- Information on the maximum dosage is not provided.
Assessments
- Important to check apical and peripheral pulse. Significant monitoring if heart rate falls below certain thresholds.
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Description
Explore essential pharmacology concepts associated with Metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. This quiz provides detailed flashcards on its classification, actions, and effects on the cardiovascular system. Test your knowledge on how this medication influences heart rate and blood pressure.
