Questions and Answers
What is the therapeutic class of Methylphenidate?
What is the pharmacologic class of Methylphenidate?
CNS stimulant
What actions does Methylphenidate perform in the brain?
Activates the reticular activating system, causing heightened alertness.
Methylphenidate is a Schedule II drug and has the potential for causing __________.
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Methylphenidate must be crushed or broken before administration.
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What are some adverse effects associated with Methylphenidate?
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Methylphenidate has no contraindications for use.
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What should be done with patients using Methylphenidate to reduce drug dependence?
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What is a significant warning associated with Methylphenidate?
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Name one drug that Methylphenidate interacts with.
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Study Notes
Therapeutic Class
- Methylphenidate is primarily used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Pharmacologic Class
- Classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
Actions and Uses
- Activates the reticular activating system, enhancing alertness and attention.
- Heightened focus is achieved through the release of neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and dopamine.
- Reduces impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and disruptive behaviors over a few weeks.
- Improves psychosocial interactions and academic performance.
- Daytrana, a transdermal extended-release form, was approved in 2006.
- Evekeo, a short-acting form, was approved in 2014 for ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity.
- Jornay PM, approved in 2018, is taken at bedtime and releases the medication upon awakening for early symptom control.
Administration Alerts
- Sustained-release (SR) tablets must be swallowed whole; they should not be broken or crushed.
- Classified as a controlled substance under Schedule II.
- Assigned to pregnancy category C, indicating risk to the fetus.
Adverse Effects
- Patients may experience irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and potential liver toxicity.
- Possibility of dependence due to its Schedule II classification necessitates caution in extended use.
- Drug-free "holidays" are advised to minimize dependency and evaluate the patient's condition.
Black Box Warning
- Carries a high potential for abuse; should be administered cautiously to those with past drug dependence or alcoholism.
- Misuse may lead to sudden death or serious cardiovascular events.
Contraindications
- Not recommended for individuals with severe anxiety, agitation, psychosis, suicidal ideation, glaucoma, motor tics, or Tourette's syndrome.
Interactions
- Methylphenidate may reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, and guanethidine.
- Concurrent use with clonidine may enhance adverse effects.
- Antihypertensives or other CNS stimulants can increase the drug's vasoconstrictive effects.
- Combining with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) risks hypertensive crisis.
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Description
Explore the key concepts related to Methylphenidate, including its therapeutic and pharmacologic classes. This quiz will help you understand its actions, uses, and impacts on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their knowledge of this CNS stimulant.
