Methylphenidate Flashcards

Study Notes

Methylphenidate is primarily used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Activates the reticular activating system, enhancing alertness and attention.
Heightened focus is achieved through the release of neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and dopamine.
Reduces impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and disruptive behaviors over a few weeks.
Improves psychosocial interactions and academic performance.
Daytrana, a transdermal extended-release form, was approved in 2006.
Evekeo, a short-acting form, was approved in 2014 for ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity.
Jornay PM, approved in 2018, is taken at bedtime and releases the medication upon awakening for early symptom control.

Sustained-release (SR) tablets must be swallowed whole; they should not be broken or crushed.
Classified as a controlled substance under Schedule II.
Assigned to pregnancy category C, indicating risk to the fetus.

Patients may experience irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and potential liver toxicity.
Possibility of dependence due to its Schedule II classification necessitates caution in extended use.
Drug-free "holidays" are advised to minimize dependency and evaluate the patient's condition.

Carries a high potential for abuse; should be administered cautiously to those with past drug dependence or alcoholism.
Misuse may lead to sudden death or serious cardiovascular events.

Not recommended for individuals with severe anxiety, agitation, psychosis, suicidal ideation, glaucoma, motor tics, or Tourette's syndrome.

Methylphenidate may reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, and guanethidine.
Concurrent use with clonidine may enhance adverse effects.
Antihypertensives or other CNS stimulants can increase the drug's vasoconstrictive effects.
Combining with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) risks hypertensive crisis.