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Questions and Answers
Philosophy is a body of knowledge that provides methodologies and insights on how societal questions can be answered through ______.
methods
Philosophy is an intellectual activity that helps resolve ______ and confusion.
conflict
Holistic POV leads to fair and objective ______.
conclusions
A partial POV promotes limited knowledge, leading to ______ conclusions.
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Philosophy involves critical, logical, analytical thinking, along with observative and ______ skills.
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Doing philosophy can be done by yourself, with a ______, or with a group.
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Wisdom is always gained when philosophy is applied to formulate a ______ about a certain concern.
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Philosophy enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person's view of life, challenges, and ______.
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The realm of genuine knowledge is referred to as ______
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In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the shadows are a metaphor for ______
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Socrates is known for his ______ method, which involves asking questions to stimulate critical thinking.
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"The unexamined life is not worth living" was stated by ______.
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The concept of 'Imagination' falls under the category of ______ in the Visible Realm.
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John Godfrey Saxe related the parable to the ______ wars.
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In the method of systematic doubt, one is encouraged to doubt all things in order to seek ______.
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Saxe reflects on the ignorance of disputants regarding what each other ______.
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In Plato's model, the understanding of scientific or mathematical concepts is represented by ______.
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Philosophical reflection involves evaluating experiences before making any related ______.
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The Sophists believed that wisdom could be treated as a ______ that can be taught to anyone.
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According to Plato, the physical world is a ______ copy of the idea in the world of forms.
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Plato’s Metaphysical System emphasizes the importance of the World of ______.
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Our souls become ______ once they join the body according to Plato.
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The truth or falsity of analytic statements can be found in the ______.
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“Knowledge is ______,” according to Plato's philosophy.
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Empirical knowledge relies on data collected from ______.
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The statement ‘The safest characterization of western philosophy is a series of footnotes to ______’ highlights Plato's influence.
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An example of an a priori statement is 'No bachelor has a ______.'
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The Ad Hominem fallacy involves unfairly attacking a ______ instead of the issue.
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A Strawman fallacy occurs when an opponent’s position is ______ to make it easier to critique.
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Appeal to ______ involves misusing an authority figure to support an argument.
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The False Dilemma fallacy limits the options to ______ when more exist.
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A Red Herring is a statement that is related to the issue but not ______ enough to be helpful.
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Study Notes
Methods of Philosophizing
- Philosophy serves as both a body of knowledge providing methodologies for societal questions and as an intellectual activity addressing individual thought processes.
- Critical, logical, analytical thinking along with observative and communicative skills are essential in doing philosophy.
- Reflective thinking in philosophy significantly influences one's perceptions of life, challenges, and relationships.
Holistic vs. Partial Perspectives
- A holistic viewpoint encourages fair and objective conclusions by considering the broader context before arriving at a decision.
- A partial perspective leads to limited understanding, resulting in potential errors or illogical conclusions.
- Philosophy should not be confused with pedantry (pamimilosopo) which involves the display of useless knowledge.
The Six Blind Men and the Elephant
- Through the parable, each blind man's encounter illustrates varying perspectives of truth and knowledge, emphasizing the importance of a holistic view.
- Questions prompted include the accuracy of each blind man's answer and the implications of holistic versus partial perspectives.
Philosophical Reflection
- Philosophical reflection is a critical evaluative process leading to informed decision-making and understanding of past experiences.
- Deliberate reflection involves learning from past mistakes and making informed choices based on a comprehensive perspective.
Plato’s Metaphysical System
- Plato asserts that true knowledge is not found in the physical world but in the realm of absolute, unchanging forms.
- The "World of Forms" contains ideal concepts, while the physical world serves as mere imitations of these originals.
Allegory of the Cave
- Represents the difference between the visible (opinion) and invisible (knowledge) realms.
- Important concepts include Eikasia (imagination), Pistis (belief), Dianoia (mathematical reasoning), and Noesis (metaphysical knowledge).
- Socrates highlights the significance of self-examination as a key to understanding and wisdom.
Socratic Method
- Socratic questioning involves a dialectical method of inquiry aimed at uncovering truth through dialogue.
- This approach seeks to challenge assumptions held by others, particularly sophists who claim wisdom can be taught.
Method of Systematic Doubt (Descartes)
- Introduces doubt as a critical tool for examining beliefs and concepts to arrive at undeniable truths.
Nature of Knowledge and Fallacies
- Differentiates between types of statements: Analytic (truths based on reason) and Empirical (truths reliant on experience).
- Analytic statements demonstrate inherent truths (e.g., "No bachelor has a mother-in-law"), while empirical knowledge bases truth on real-world observations.
Logical Fallacies
- Several fallacies undermine arguments, including:
- Ad Hominem: Attacking the person rather than the argument.
- Strawman: Misrepresenting an opponent's position.
- False Dilemma: Presenting limited options when more exist.
- Begging the Question: Assuming the conclusion within the premises.
- Red Herring: Introducing irrelevant arguments.
- Bandwagon: Assuming validity based on popular consensus.
- Appeal to Pity/Authority: Relying on emotional appeals or misusing authority figures.
Learning Output
- Create a concept map to visually represent Plato's "Allegory of the Cave," illustrating the distinctions between opinion, genuine knowledge, and the implications for self-examination.
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Description
Prepare for your midterm on the methods of philosophizing and related topics in philosophy. This quiz covers key concepts regarding the human as an embodied subject, the relationship between the human person and the environment, and the overarching methodologies in philosophy. Test your understanding and readiness for the exam!
