10 Questions
What is the function of the nucleus in an atom?
Contains protons and neutrons
Which method of charging occurs when a charged object comes in contact with a neutral object?
Charging by conduction
What property does the triboelectric series rank materials based on?
Electron affinity
According to the law of conservation of charge, what happens to electric charges in any closed system?
They are constant
Who described the force between two charges using a torsion balance?
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
What is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance of separation of charges, according to the given text?
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
What is denoted by 'q1' and 'q2' in Coulomb's Law?
Charges
What is the electric constant, denoted as 'k', in the context of electrostatic force?
$8.988 \times 10^{9}$ N m$^{2}$ C$^{-2}$
In superposition of forces, what does Fi = FA + FB + FC represent?
Resultant force on a charge due to three individual forces
What does a free-body diagram illustrate in physics?
The relative magnitude and direction of forces acting on an object
Study Notes
Structure of the Atom
- An atom consists of three subatomic particles: electrons (negatively charged), protons (positively charged), and neutrons (no charge).
- Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus (center) of the atom.
- Electrons are found in the outermost regions of the atom, known as electron shells.
Charging Methods
- Charging by friction occurs when two objects with unequal electron affinity are rubbed together.
- The object with higher electron affinity becomes negatively charged, while the object with lower electron affinity becomes positively charged.
- The triboelectric series ranks materials by their tendency to acquire charge based on electron affinity.
- Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron attaches to an unbound atom.
Conduction and Induction
- Charging by conduction occurs when a charged object comes into contact with a neutral object.
- Charging by induction occurs due to induced charges, where the charges in a conducting object can be rearranged in the presence of an external charged object.
Conservation of Charge
- The law of conservation of charge states that the algebraic sum of all electric charges in a closed system is constant.
- Charge is not created or destroyed, only transferred from one body to another.
Coulomb's Law
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb described the force between two charges using a torsion balance.
- Coulomb's Law states that the magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric force (Fe) is given by the equation: Fe = (1/4πε0) * (q1 * q2) / r^2.
Free-Body Diagrams and Superposition of Force
- Free-body diagrams are used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation.
- When more than two charges are present, the resultant force on any one of them equals the vector sum of the forces exerted by the various individual charges.
Learn about the structure of an atom, including the components like protons, electrons, and neutrons. Explore methods of charging, such as charging by friction, which involves rubbing objects with unequal electron affinity to acquire a negative charge.
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