Methods for Determining Evaporation in Hydrology
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Questions and Answers

Why is the determination of evaporation important?

  • To decrease water scarcity
  • To measure the radiation energy in lakes
  • To increase evaporation in summer
  • To plan and operate reservoirs and irrigation systems (correct)

What are some factors affecting the rate of evaporation in evaporimeters?

  • Humidity, wind movement, and air temperature (correct)
  • Water color
  • Distance from the equator
  • Presence of fish in the pan

What is a Class A Evaporation Pan made of?

  • Stainless steel
  • Galvanized iron sheet (correct)
  • Aluminum foil
  • Painted iron sheet

Which method is NOT used to estimate evaporation?

<p>Solar radiation equations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of wooden platforms under evaporimeters?

<p>To allow air circulation below the pan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Monel metal used in evaporimeters?

<p>To prevent corrosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the maximum rate at which the ground can absorb water?

<p>Infiltration Capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of water that fills up all depressions when precipitation reaches the ground before overland flow occurs?

<p>Depression Storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to measure the rate of infiltration in the ground?

<p>Infiltrometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect infiltration according to the text?

<p>Vegetation Cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of infiltration in the run-off process?

<p>Affecting the timing of run-off (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interception refer to in the context provided?

<p>Evaporation of water caught by vegetation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the excess precipitation moving over land surfaces?

<p>Surface runoff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flow moves laterally through upper soil crusts and returns to the surface at a different location?

<p>Interflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of runoff that percolates deeper into the soil and reaches groundwater storage?

<p>Baseflow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flow includes surface runoff, prompt interflow, and precipitation on channel surfaces?

<p>Direct Runoff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for an interflow with the least lag time?

<p>Prompt interflow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is groundwater runoff different from interflow?

<p>Groundwater runoff percolates deeper into the soil and reaches groundwater storage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the mean barometric reading (pa) in Rohwer's formula?

<p>mm of mercury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the water-budget method, what does the symbol 'TL' represent?

<p>Transpiration loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method for reducing evaporation losses involves applying a thin film on the water surface?

<p>Chemical films (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol 'u0' represent in Rohwer's formula?

<p>Mean wind velocity at ground level in km/hr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the water-budget method equation, what does the symbol 'ΔS' represent?

<p>Increase in lake storage in a day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method for reducing evaporation losses involves using deeper reservoirs instead of wider ones?

<p>Reduction of surface area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for correcting evaporation observed from the pan using pan coefficients?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum network density for evaporation stations in arid zones?

<p>1 station for every 30,000 km² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Meyer's formula for lake evaporation, what does the term $u_g$ represent?

<p>Monthly mean wind velocity in km/hr at about 9 m above the ground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the coefficient $K_m$ in Meyer's formula for large, deep waters?

<p>0.36 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given network density recommendations for evaporation stations, which climatic region has the highest recommended density?

<p>Arid zones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Meyer's formula, what does the term $(e_w - e_a)$ represent?

<p>The difference between saturated vapor pressure at the water surface temperature and the actual vapor pressure overlying the air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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