Methods for Determining Evaporation in Hydrology
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Questions and Answers

Why is the determination of evaporation important?

  • To decrease water scarcity
  • To measure the radiation energy in lakes
  • To increase evaporation in summer
  • To plan and operate reservoirs and irrigation systems (correct)
  • What are some factors affecting the rate of evaporation in evaporimeters?

  • Humidity, wind movement, and air temperature (correct)
  • Water color
  • Distance from the equator
  • Presence of fish in the pan
  • What is a Class A Evaporation Pan made of?

  • Stainless steel
  • Galvanized iron sheet (correct)
  • Aluminum foil
  • Painted iron sheet
  • Which method is NOT used to estimate evaporation?

    <p>Solar radiation equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of wooden platforms under evaporimeters?

    <p>To allow air circulation below the pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Monel metal used in evaporimeters?

    <p>To prevent corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the maximum rate at which the ground can absorb water?

    <p>Infiltration Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of water that fills up all depressions when precipitation reaches the ground before overland flow occurs?

    <p>Depression Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used to measure the rate of infiltration in the ground?

    <p>Infiltrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect infiltration according to the text?

    <p>Vegetation Cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of infiltration in the run-off process?

    <p>Affecting the timing of run-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interception refer to in the context provided?

    <p>Evaporation of water caught by vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the excess precipitation moving over land surfaces?

    <p>Surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flow moves laterally through upper soil crusts and returns to the surface at a different location?

    <p>Interflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the part of runoff that percolates deeper into the soil and reaches groundwater storage?

    <p>Baseflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flow includes surface runoff, prompt interflow, and precipitation on channel surfaces?

    <p>Direct Runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for an interflow with the least lag time?

    <p>Prompt interflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is groundwater runoff different from interflow?

    <p>Groundwater runoff percolates deeper into the soil and reaches groundwater storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the mean barometric reading (pa) in Rohwer's formula?

    <p>mm of mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the water-budget method, what does the symbol 'TL' represent?

    <p>Transpiration loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method for reducing evaporation losses involves applying a thin film on the water surface?

    <p>Chemical films</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 'u0' represent in Rohwer's formula?

    <p>Mean wind velocity at ground level in km/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the water-budget method equation, what does the symbol 'ΔS' represent?

    <p>Increase in lake storage in a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method for reducing evaporation losses involves using deeper reservoirs instead of wider ones?

    <p>Reduction of surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for correcting evaporation observed from the pan using pan coefficients?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum network density for evaporation stations in arid zones?

    <p>1 station for every 30,000 km²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Meyer's formula for lake evaporation, what does the term $u_g$ represent?

    <p>Monthly mean wind velocity in km/hr at about 9 m above the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the coefficient $K_m$ in Meyer's formula for large, deep waters?

    <p>0.36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given network density recommendations for evaporation stations, which climatic region has the highest recommended density?

    <p>Arid zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Meyer's formula, what does the term $(e_w - e_a)$ represent?

    <p>The difference between saturated vapor pressure at the water surface temperature and the actual vapor pressure overlying the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

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