Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of collecting data from various meteorological stations?
What is the primary objective of collecting data from various meteorological stations?
- To improve numerical weather prediction models
- To conduct research on atmospheric phenomena
- To monitor weather patterns for scientific purposes
- To provide accurate and timely forecasts (correct)
What is the recommended maximum distance between principal surface synoptic stations?
What is the recommended maximum distance between principal surface synoptic stations?
- 100 kilometers
- 250 kilometers
- 200 kilometers
- 150 kilometers (correct)
How many synoptic stations were operational in the Philippines as of 2016?
How many synoptic stations were operational in the Philippines as of 2016?
- 40
- 50
- 59 (correct)
- 60
What is the primary consideration when selecting a site for a synoptic station?
What is the primary consideration when selecting a site for a synoptic station?
What is the purpose of making data available to other Members in agreed code forms?
What is the purpose of making data available to other Members in agreed code forms?
What type of satellite is used for observing weather patterns?
What type of satellite is used for observing weather patterns?
What is included in Surface Synoptic Observations?
What is included in Surface Synoptic Observations?
What is the recommended approach when evaluating elements that are relatively unchanging?
What is the recommended approach when evaluating elements that are relatively unchanging?
What is the primary consideration when evaluating elements that are changing rapidly?
What is the primary consideration when evaluating elements that are changing rapidly?
What is included in the outdoor observations?
What is included in the outdoor observations?
What is the unit of measurement for amount of precipitation?
What is the unit of measurement for amount of precipitation?
What is evaluated indoors when the instrumental equipment is working?
What is evaluated indoors when the instrumental equipment is working?
What should the Observer consider last when observing outdoors at night?
What should the Observer consider last when observing outdoors at night?
How often do Synoptic-Airport Stations record and report weather observation data during daytime?
How often do Synoptic-Airport Stations record and report weather observation data during daytime?
What is the purpose of a SYNOP (Surface Synoptic Station)?
What is the purpose of a SYNOP (Surface Synoptic Station)?
When is the visual acuity of the eye maximum after coming out of a lighted room?
When is the visual acuity of the eye maximum after coming out of a lighted room?
How often do Climatological and Rain stations record observations?
How often do Climatological and Rain stations record observations?
What type of stations record weather observations every 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM?
What type of stations record weather observations every 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM?
Which type of station is specifically designed to provide information on wind strength and direction to ship masters and fishermen?
Which type of station is specifically designed to provide information on wind strength and direction to ship masters and fishermen?
Which type of station is equipped with an evaporation pan?
Which type of station is equipped with an evaporation pan?
What is the primary purpose of a HYDRO station?
What is the primary purpose of a HYDRO station?
What is the purpose of a WEMEX station?
What is the purpose of a WEMEX station?
Which type of station is specifically designed to monitor sea level and wave heights during tropical cyclones?
Which type of station is specifically designed to monitor sea level and wave heights during tropical cyclones?
Which type of station is located at airports and provides weather data and advice for aviation activities?
Which type of station is located at airports and provides weather data and advice for aviation activities?
What is the duration of wind averaging for aeronautical purposes at airport stations?
What is the duration of wind averaging for aeronautical purposes at airport stations?
How is the wind speed measured at an airport?
How is the wind speed measured at an airport?
What is the primary objective of measuring precipitation?
What is the primary objective of measuring precipitation?
What is the unit of measurement of precipitation?
What is the unit of measurement of precipitation?
How is the vertical depth of water expressed in precipitation measurement?
How is the vertical depth of water expressed in precipitation measurement?
What is the main consideration when selecting a site for a raingauge?
What is the main consideration when selecting a site for a raingauge?
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Study Notes
Types of Meteorological Stations
- Airport stations provide weather data, information, and advice for aviation activities.
- Visual Storm Signal (VSS) stations inform ship masters, fishermen, and mariners about wind strength and direction.
- Hydrometeorological (HYDRO) stations observe meteorological and hydrological elements.
- Evaporation (EVAP) stations monitor evaporation on a routine basis.
- Weather Modification Experiment (WEMEX) stations are temporary and established for research purposes.
- Storm Surge Monitoring (SSMS) stations record sea level and wave heights, especially during tropical cyclones.
Surface Synoptic Observations
- Present weather, past weather, and other elements are observed.
- Elements include wind speed and direction, cloud amount and type, visibility, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure.
- There is no fixed order for evaluating elements, but those with the greatest rate of change should be evaluated last.
Classification of Stations
- Synoptic-Airport stations record and report weather data every hour during the day and every three hours at night.
- Purely synoptic stations record and report weather data every three or six hours.
- Climatological and Rain stations record observations at 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM only.
- Agrometeorological stations record weather observations every 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM.
Precipitation Measurement
- Precipitation is measured in terms of vertical depths of water accumulated within a specified time on a horizontal surface.
- The main objective is to obtain a representative sample of the fall over the area.
- There are three types of instruments for measuring precipitation: non-recording raingauge, recording raingauge, and rain-intensity gauge.
Exposure of Rain Measuring Instruments
- The site of the raingauge should be sheltered from the wind to minimize its effects.
Unit of Measurement
- The millimeter (mm) is the unit of measurement of precipitation.
PAGASA Stations
- As of 2016, there were 59 Synoptic Stations, 13 Radar Stations, 8 Upper-Air Stations, 23 Agrometeorology Stations, 18 Airport Stations, 4 Hydro (FFWC) Rain Stations, and 78 Automatic Weather Stations in the Philippines.
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