Meteorology and Weather Forecasting

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of collecting data from various meteorological stations?

To improve numerical weather prediction models

To conduct research on atmospheric phenomena

To monitor weather patterns for scientific purposes

To provide accurate and timely forecasts (correct)

What is the recommended maximum distance between principal surface synoptic stations?

100 kilometers

250 kilometers

200 kilometers

150 kilometers (correct)

How many synoptic stations were operational in the Philippines as of 2016?

59 (correct)

What is the primary consideration when selecting a site for a synoptic station?

Correct exposure of outdoor meteorological instruments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making data available to other Members in agreed code forms?

To promote international cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What type of satellite is used for observing weather patterns?

Geostationary Signup and view all the answers

What is included in Surface Synoptic Observations?

Present Weather, Past Weather, and other elements as determined by Regional Association resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when evaluating elements that are relatively unchanging?

Evaluate elements in the order of outdoor to indoor observations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when evaluating elements that are changing rapidly?

Evaluate the element that has the greatest rate of change last Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the outdoor observations?

Sky, cloud amounts, types, species, heights of base, direction of movement, and special supplementary features Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for amount of precipitation?

Millimeters Signup and view all the answers

What is evaluated indoors when the instrumental equipment is working?

Wind Speed and Direction Signup and view all the answers

What should the Observer consider last when observing outdoors at night?

Visibility Signup and view all the answers

How often do Synoptic-Airport Stations record and report weather observation data during daytime?

Every hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a SYNOP (Surface Synoptic Station)?

To make weather forecasts and warnings Signup and view all the answers

When is the visual acuity of the eye maximum after coming out of a lighted room?

5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

How often do Climatological and Rain stations record observations?

At 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM only Signup and view all the answers

What type of stations record weather observations every 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM?

Agrometeorological stations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of station is specifically designed to provide information on wind strength and direction to ship masters and fishermen?

Visual Storm Signal Station Signup and view all the answers

Which type of station is equipped with an evaporation pan?

Evaporation Station Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a HYDRO station?

To observe meteorological and hydrological elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a WEMEX station?

To conduct research on drought and climate change Signup and view all the answers

Which type of station is specifically designed to monitor sea level and wave heights during tropical cyclones?

Storm Surge Monitoring Station Signup and view all the answers

Which type of station is located at airports and provides weather data and advice for aviation activities?

Airport Synoptic Station Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of wind averaging for aeronautical purposes at airport stations?

2 minutes Signup and view all the answers

How is the wind speed measured at an airport?

By averaging the indicated speed in the speed indicator of the wind dial Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of measuring precipitation?

To obtain a sample that is truly representative of the fall over the area Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement of precipitation?

Millimeter Signup and view all the answers

How is the vertical depth of water expressed in precipitation measurement?

To the nearest tenth of a millimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration when selecting a site for a raingauge?

To be sheltered from the wind Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Meteorological Stations

Airport stations provide weather data, information, and advice for aviation activities.
Visual Storm Signal (VSS) stations inform ship masters, fishermen, and mariners about wind strength and direction.
Hydrometeorological (HYDRO) stations observe meteorological and hydrological elements.
Evaporation (EVAP) stations monitor evaporation on a routine basis.
Weather Modification Experiment (WEMEX) stations are temporary and established for research purposes.
Storm Surge Monitoring (SSMS) stations record sea level and wave heights, especially during tropical cyclones.

Surface Synoptic Observations

Present weather, past weather, and other elements are observed.
Elements include wind speed and direction, cloud amount and type, visibility, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure.
There is no fixed order for evaluating elements, but those with the greatest rate of change should be evaluated last.

Classification of Stations

Synoptic-Airport stations record and report weather data every hour during the day and every three hours at night.
Purely synoptic stations record and report weather data every three or six hours.
Climatological and Rain stations record observations at 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM only.
Agrometeorological stations record weather observations every 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM.

Precipitation Measurement

Precipitation is measured in terms of vertical depths of water accumulated within a specified time on a horizontal surface.
The main objective is to obtain a representative sample of the fall over the area.
There are three types of instruments for measuring precipitation: non-recording raingauge, recording raingauge, and rain-intensity gauge.

Exposure of Rain Measuring Instruments

The site of the raingauge should be sheltered from the wind to minimize its effects.

Unit of Measurement

The millimeter (mm) is the unit of measurement of precipitation.

PAGASA Stations

As of 2016, there were 59 Synoptic Stations, 13 Radar Stations, 8 Upper-Air Stations, 23 Agrometeorology Stations, 18 Airport Stations, 4 Hydro (FFWC) Rain Stations, and 78 Automatic Weather Stations in the Philippines.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of the complex process of weather forecasting, including the various data sources and principles involved, such as numerical weather prediction models. This quiz covers the different types of stations and systems used to collect meteorological data, including surface stations, weather radars, and satellites.