Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which two types of emissions are associated with the combustion of solid fuel from coal?

SOx and heavy metals (correct)

NOx and CO2

CO and methane

PM and NOx (correct)

What are the primary emissions associated with burning biomass such as wood or rice hulls?

PM and CO (correct)

CO and SOx

SOx and CO2

NOx and hydrocarbons

Which of the following is a requirement for the reporting of an Air Pollution Control Device (APCD)?

Applicable for breakdowns lasting one hour or less

Covered under a 24-hour report for breakdowns longer than one hour (correct)

Reports must include all emissions data collected weekly

Must be reported every hour

Which fuel type is most likely to produce significant emissions of PM, CO, and NOx when combusted?

Solid fuel like coal Signup and view all the answers

What emission is NOT typically associated with burning liquid fuels, according to the available fuel types?

Metals Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of insufficient CFM in a baghouse filter system?

Hazardous environment due to explosive materials Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutant is NOT associated with solid fuel combustion processes?

Ozone (O3) Signup and view all the answers

What may result from low CFM in a baghouse filter system?

Equipment damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel is mentioned in the context of cement kilns?

Coal Signup and view all the answers

What emissions can be associated with mixed fuel systems, such as those using BFO and LSFO?

PM, CO, NOx, and SOx Signup and view all the answers

What does low CFM in baghouse filters lead to regarding emissions?

Excessive emissions Signup and view all the answers

What kind of issues can arise from insufficient airflow in industrial ventilation systems?

Hazardous environment Signup and view all the answers

What type of emissions are often monitored in processes involving liquid fuels during startup?

Nitrous Oxide (NOx) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of insufficient ventilation in a dust collection system?

Reduced air velocity Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can affect the CFM generated by a dust collection system fan?

Ductwork restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum conveying velocity range for most materials handled in a dust collection system?

3,500 to 5,000 ft/m Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if the air velocity in the ductwork becomes too high?

Quick wear of holes in the ductwork Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of low air velocity in a dust collection system?

Dust buildup within the ductwork Signup and view all the answers

How should primary and secondary sources be categorized in a dust collection system?

Classifying all sources as primary leads to oversized systems Signup and view all the answers

What does the air to cloth ratio in a dust collection system indicate?

The gas volume ratio to the total cloth area Signup and view all the answers

What can dust buildup in the ductwork potentially provide when combined with an ignition source?

Source of combustible dust fire Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of meteorology?

Understanding atmospheric variables related to current weather conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phenomena is NOT included in the study of atmospheric dynamics?

Oceanic currents Signup and view all the answers

What practical objective is associated with atmospheric dynamics?

Developing methods for predicting seasonal climate variations Signup and view all the answers

How are mixing ratios described in atmospheric chemistry?

As the ratio of a substance's mass to the volume of air Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant human-induced perturbation affecting global climate?

Increased carbon dioxide concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding atmospheric pressure at varying heights is true?

It decreases with increasing altitude Signup and view all the answers

What does number concentration refer to in the context of air at sea level?

The number of particles per volume of air Signup and view all the answers

Which mix of components is typically excluded when calculating mixing ratios in atmospheric chemistry?

Particulate matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest contributor to the production of fine particles in the atmosphere?

Automobiles Signup and view all the answers

Which particles are classified as coarse particles (PM10)?

Particles between 2.5 and 10 microns Signup and view all the answers

What type of smog is formed when ultraviolet light reacts with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere?

Photochemical smog Signup and view all the answers

What are mobile sources of air pollution?

Cars, buses, and airplanes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about carbon monoxide (CO)?

It forms when carbon in fuels does not burn completely. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT classified as a stationary source of air pollution?

Cars and trucks Signup and view all the answers

What can fine particles in the air do to human health?

They can penetrate deeply into the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What type of sources does agriculture fall under in terms of air pollution?

Area sources Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mixing Ratios

A common unit used in atmospheric chemistry to describe the ratio of a substance's amount or mass in a volume to the total amount or mass of all substances in the same volume.

Atmospheric Dynamics

Involves the study of all atmospheric motion systems, including thunderstorms, tornadoes, gravity waves, tropical hurricanes, extra-tropical cyclones, and global-scale circulations.
Aims to improve weather prediction, predict short-term climate changes, and understand human impacts on the global climate.

Meteorology

Focuses on atmospheric variables relating to current or near-future conditions, often referred to as weather.

Number Concentration of Air

Varies with altitude.

Air Velocity and Minimum Conveying Velocity

Measured in feet per minute (ft/m).
Related to Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM) by the formula: 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (𝑓𝑡/𝑚) = 𝐶𝐹𝑀 / 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡.
High air velocity can damage ductwork through abrasion.
Low air velocity can cause dust buildup within the ductwork, leading to poor dust capture.

Dust Buildup in Ductwork

Presents major safety hazards:
- Provides fuel for combustible dust fires or explosions.
- Can lead to ductwork collapse due to weight buildup.

Baghouse Filters - Design and Sizing Considerations

Larger spaces being vented require more CFM.
CFM can be affected by factors such as altitude, ductwork restrictions, and air flow resistance within the system.

Air to Cloth Ratio

Ratio of gas volume (ACFM) to total cloth area (ft2) of a baghouse.

Criteria Pollutants

Mobile Sources: Cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains.
Stationary Sources: Power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories.
Area Sources: Agricultural areas, cities, forests, and wood-burning fireplaces.
Natural Sources: Wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes.

Fine Particles (PM2.5)

Particles smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter, only visible under an electron microscope.
Sources include: automobiles, coal-fired power plants, wood burning, and industrial processes.
Can penetrate deeply into lungs.

Coarse Particles (PM10)

Between 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, visible as haze, dust, or soot.
Sources include wind-blown soil and airborne residue from business and industry.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A poisonous gas that forms when carbon in fuels like gasoline, heating oil, natural gas, wood, and charcoal does not burn completely.
Deadly and dangerous.

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Description

Test your knowledge on meteorology and atmospheric dynamics, focusing on topics like mixing ratios, atmospheric motion systems, and air velocity. Understand the concepts that influence weather prediction and climate impacts. Perfect for students and enthusiasts in environmental science.