30 Questions
What happens to the composition of feldspars as cooling continues?
They react with magma and change from calcium-rich to sodium-rich compositions.
How does the process of fractional crystallization relate to partial melting?
The order of mineral formation is opposite in each process.
What happens to early formed crystals in the process of fractional crystallization?
They are removed from the magma.
How are intrusive rocks classified based on grain size?
As coarse-grained rocks.
What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Extrusive rocks form below Earth's surface, while intrusive rocks form on the surface.
Why are igneous rocks classified based on mineral composition?
To group them according to their chemical makeup.
What process leads to changes in the mineralogy, texture, and often the chemical composition of rocks?
Metamorphism
How are metamorphic rocks produced?
From pre-existing rocks exposed to increases in temperature and pressure
What is the term used to describe the process where sedimentary layers have particle sizes that become progressively coarser towards the bottom?
Graded bedding
What is the ultimate source of high temperatures required for metamorphism?
Deep burial or compression during mountain building
What is the most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?
Strata
How are sedimentary rocks classified based on their mode of formation?
By mode of formation
What is the parent rock of a metamorphic rock?
(Sedimentary, igneous or even metamorphic) rock from which it was formed
Which type of sedimentary rocks are distinguished based on particle size?
Detrital sedimentary rocks
What is a common outcome of deformation in metamorphic rocks?
Production of variety of textures like foliation
What is a characteristic of high grade metamorphic rocks?
Original features are often completely destroyed
What marks the end of one episode of deposition and the beginning of another in sedimentary rock layers?
Bedding plane
Apart from strata and beds, what other features are commonly found in sedimentary rocks?
Fossils
During the Paleozoic Era, the increased protection afforded by the ozone layer allowed the colonization of land by which organisms?
Amphibians
Which era saw the formation of widespread coal deposits due to the decomposition of prolific plant life?
Paleozoic Era
What is most commonly attributed as the cause of the mass extinction event at the end of the Paleozoic Era?
Loss of habitat due to Pangea amalgamation
Which group of organisms evolved from, and later out-competed, amphibians during the Paleozoic Era?
Reptiles
Between which years did the Snowball Earth hypothesis propose rapid oscillations in climate with extreme temperature variations?
750 and 580 million years ago
In which era did the first shelly fossils appear at the dawn of its onset?
Paleozoic Era
Where did Damian Nance earn his doctorate degree?
McGill University
In which year did Damian Nance emigrate to Canada?
1976
How many scientific articles has Damian Nance authored or co-authored?
Over 180
Which university did Damian Nance join in 1980 as a professor of geology?
Ohio University
What is Damian Nance's nationality by citizenship?
United Kingdom and United States
Which university did Damian Nance complete his B.Sc. degree from?
University of Leicester
Test your knowledge on metamorphic rocks and the process of plant material accumulation. Learn about how metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks under certain conditions, and why special conditions are needed for the accumulation of plant material. Explore the relationship between metamorphism and rock formations.
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