Metamorphic Rocks and Plant Material Accumulation Quiz

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What happens to the composition of feldspars as cooling continues?

They remain unchanged.

They change from sodium-rich to calcium-rich compositions.

They combine with other minerals to form new compounds.

They react with magma and change from calcium-rich to sodium-rich compositions. (correct)

How does the process of fractional crystallization relate to partial melting?

Both processes involve the same set of minerals.

Fractional crystallization results in partial melting.

The magma composition changes in both processes.

The order of mineral formation is opposite in each process. (correct)

What happens to early formed crystals in the process of fractional crystallization?

They remain in the magma.

They react with the magma.

They transform into different minerals.

They are removed from the magma. (correct)

How are intrusive rocks classified based on grain size?

As coarse-grained rocks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Extrusive rocks form below Earth's surface, while intrusive rocks form on the surface. Signup and view all the answers

Why are igneous rocks classified based on mineral composition?

To group them according to their chemical makeup. Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to changes in the mineralogy, texture, and often the chemical composition of rocks?

Metamorphism Signup and view all the answers

How are metamorphic rocks produced?

From pre-existing rocks exposed to increases in temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process where sedimentary layers have particle sizes that become progressively coarser towards the bottom?

Graded bedding Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of high temperatures required for metamorphism?

Deep burial or compression during mountain building Signup and view all the answers

What is the most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?

Strata Signup and view all the answers

How are sedimentary rocks classified based on their mode of formation?

By mode of formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the parent rock of a metamorphic rock?

(Sedimentary, igneous or even metamorphic) rock from which it was formed Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sedimentary rocks are distinguished based on particle size?

Detrital sedimentary rocks Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of deformation in metamorphic rocks?

Production of variety of textures like foliation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of high grade metamorphic rocks?

Original features are often completely destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of one episode of deposition and the beginning of another in sedimentary rock layers?

Bedding plane Signup and view all the answers

Apart from strata and beds, what other features are commonly found in sedimentary rocks?

Fossils Signup and view all the answers

During the Paleozoic Era, the increased protection afforded by the ozone layer allowed the colonization of land by which organisms?

Amphibians Signup and view all the answers

Which era saw the formation of widespread coal deposits due to the decomposition of prolific plant life?

Paleozoic Era Signup and view all the answers

What is most commonly attributed as the cause of the mass extinction event at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

Loss of habitat due to Pangea amalgamation Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms evolved from, and later out-competed, amphibians during the Paleozoic Era?

Reptiles Signup and view all the answers

Between which years did the Snowball Earth hypothesis propose rapid oscillations in climate with extreme temperature variations?

750 and 580 million years ago Signup and view all the answers

In which era did the first shelly fossils appear at the dawn of its onset?

Paleozoic Era Signup and view all the answers

Where did Damian Nance earn his doctorate degree?

McGill University Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Damian Nance emigrate to Canada?

1976 Signup and view all the answers

How many scientific articles has Damian Nance authored or co-authored?

Over 180 Signup and view all the answers

Which university did Damian Nance join in 1980 as a professor of geology?

Ohio University Signup and view all the answers

What is Damian Nance's nationality by citizenship?

United Kingdom and United States Signup and view all the answers

Which university did Damian Nance complete his B.Sc. degree from?

University of Leicester Signup and view all the answers