Questions and Answers
What process transforms igneous rock into metamorphic rock?
Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?
What happens to sedimentary rock under heat and pressure?
What is contact metamorphism?
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What type of metamorphism occurs when large pieces of the Earth's crust collide?
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What is metasomatism?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphic rock?
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What is the rock cycle?
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Sedimentary rock undergoes _____ to become metamorphic rock.
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Match the following metamorphic processes with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Rock Cycle Overview
- Igneous rock forms when magma cools.
- Igneous rock transforms into metamorphic rock through heat and pressure.
- Sedimentary rock is created from compacted and cemented sediment.
- Sedimentary rock can metamorphose under heat and pressure.
- Metamorphic rock may melt into magma or erode into sediment.
- The cycle continues: sediments compact to become sedimentary rock, which can again undergo metamorphism or turn into igneous rock after melting and cooling.
Rock Cycle Relationships
- Sediment (S) → Metamorphic rock (M): Compaction and metamorphism.
- Igneous rock (I) → Metamorphic rock (M): Direct heat/pressure or weathering to sediment.
- Metamorphic rock (M) → Sediment (S): Weathering/erosion or melting to magma.
- Metamorphic rock (M) → Igneous rock (I): Melting and solidification of magma.
- Igneous rock (I) → Sediment (S): Weathering and deposition.
- Sedimentary rock (S) → Igneous rock (I): Metamorphism followed by melting and cooling.
Types of Metamorphism
- Contact Metamorphism: Occurs when magma intrudes rock, causing localized heat-induced changes in surrounding rock.
- Regional Metamorphism: Results from pressure and temperature increase when rocks are buried deep or during tectonic collisions, altering rock structure and chemistry.
- Metasomatism: Involves element-rich hot waters causing metamorphism, typically at spreading centers, leading to deposits of metal ores.
Metamorphic Processes
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Recrystallization:
- Takes place under high temperature and pressure, leading to a new crystalline structure without changing the rock's basic composition.
- Minerals can change into stable forms suited for new temperature and pressure conditions, known as solid-state alterations.
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Hydrothermal Alteration:
- Results from hot fluids affecting permeable rocks, modifying their composition and structure.
- Example includes hot springs in Yellowstone.
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
- Quartzite: Parent rock is sandstone.
- Marble: Parent rock is limestone.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the rock cycle and the transformations between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. This quiz will challenge you to understand how different types of rocks interact and change over time.
