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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of chasing in metalwork?
What is the primary purpose of chasing in metalwork?
- To encrust materials onto the metal
- To produce relief by hammering down adjacent areas (correct)
- To cut designs into the metal surface
- To polish the surface of the metal
Engraving is always done with a cutting tool without any pressure.
Engraving is always done with a cutting tool without any pressure.
False (B)
What material is commonly used in the process of damascening?
What material is commonly used in the process of damascening?
Gold wire
The specialized tool used to reach inaccessible areas in metalwork is called a __________.
The specialized tool used to reach inaccessible areas in metalwork is called a __________.
Which process involves the inlay of designs with niello?
Which process involves the inlay of designs with niello?
Match the following techniques with their descriptions:
Match the following techniques with their descriptions:
The techniques of chasing and engraving produce the same type of finish on metal.
The techniques of chasing and engraving produce the same type of finish on metal.
What is the main function of the tracing tool in metalwork?
What is the main function of the tracing tool in metalwork?
Which of the following metals are classified as ferrous metals?
Which of the following metals are classified as ferrous metals?
Non-ferrous metals primarily consist of iron and its alloys.
Non-ferrous metals primarily consist of iron and its alloys.
What are the two methods of applying enamel to metal?
What are the two methods of applying enamel to metal?
Niello is made by fusing together silver, copper, and ______.
Niello is made by fusing together silver, copper, and ______.
Match the following authors with their contributions to niello preparation:
Match the following authors with their contributions to niello preparation:
What is the initial step in preparing niello?
What is the initial step in preparing niello?
What is the primary use of tungsten steel?
What is the primary use of tungsten steel?
Gilding can only be applied using gold.
Gilding can only be applied using gold.
Manganese steels become tougher when larger amounts are used.
Manganese steels become tougher when larger amounts are used.
Name one property that influences the choice of materials for machine elements.
Name one property that influences the choice of materials for machine elements.
Ferrous metals are typically ______.
Ferrous metals are typically ______.
What metal is commonly used to give a protective coating to sheets and rods?
What metal is commonly used to give a protective coating to sheets and rods?
Which of the following is NOT a ferrous metal?
Which of the following is NOT a ferrous metal?
True brass is an alloy of copper and _____
True brass is an alloy of copper and _____
Match the following nonferrous metals with their key properties:
Match the following nonferrous metals with their key properties:
What is the primary use of iron ore?
What is the primary use of iron ore?
Iron ores vary in color but are predominantly black.
Iron ores vary in color but are predominantly black.
What is the typical carbon content in pig iron?
What is the typical carbon content in pig iron?
The process of converting iron ore to pig iron is done using a _______.
The process of converting iron ore to pig iron is done using a _______.
Match the type of iron with its description:
Match the type of iron with its description:
Which type of iron is characterized as being made from pig iron with slag mixed in?
Which type of iron is characterized as being made from pig iron with slag mixed in?
Cast iron is typically malleable and not brittle.
Cast iron is typically malleable and not brittle.
What is the primary use for ingot iron?
What is the primary use for ingot iron?
Approximately ____ percent of pig iron is used to produce steel.
Approximately ____ percent of pig iron is used to produce steel.
Which of the following items is traditionally made from wrought iron?
Which of the following items is traditionally made from wrought iron?
Which type of stainless steel is known for being non-hardenable by heat treatment?
Which type of stainless steel is known for being non-hardenable by heat treatment?
Austenitic stainless steels require annealing under normal atmospheric conditions.
Austenitic stainless steels require annealing under normal atmospheric conditions.
Name a characteristic of martensitic stainless steels.
Name a characteristic of martensitic stainless steels.
Nickel steels are primarily used in the manufacture of __________.
Nickel steels are primarily used in the manufacture of __________.
Which of the following are classified as alloy steels?
Which of the following are classified as alloy steels?
Chromium steels are highly resistant to corrosion and scale.
Chromium steels are highly resistant to corrosion and scale.
What type of alloys are commonly used for high-quality hand tools?
What type of alloys are commonly used for high-quality hand tools?
Austenitic stainless steels tend to be __________ and ductile.
Austenitic stainless steels tend to be __________ and ductile.
Match the following steel types with their primary usages:
Match the following steel types with their primary usages:
What is a characteristic of all alloy steels?
What is a characteristic of all alloy steels?
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Study Notes
Metalworking Processes
- Chasing: A metalworking technique using hammers and punches to create designs in relief or intaglio.
- Engraving: Involves cutting or incising lines into metal with a cutting tool, typically by applying pressure with the hand.
- Inlaying: Often referred to as damascening, a technique for encrusting gold, silver, or copper wire into the surface of iron, steel, or bronze.
- The surface is undercut with a sharp instrument and gold wire hammered into the furrows.
- Niello: Inlaying engraved designs with a silver sulfide or mixture of sulfides, creating a black decorative finish.
- Enameling: Applying enamel to metal using two primary techniques:
- Champlevé: Hollows are made in the metal and filled with enamel.
- Cloisonné: Metal strips are applied to the metal surface, forming cells that are then filled with enamel.
- Gilding: Decorating objects with gold leaf or powder, also used for similar application with silver, palladium, aluminum, and copper alloys.
Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals
- Ferrous Metals: Composed primarily of iron and its alloys. These metals are typically magnetic:
- Examples include wrought iron, cast iron, carbon steels, alloy steels, and tool steels.
- Iron: The base material for ferrous metals, extracted from iron ores which are rich in iron oxides.
- Iron Ore is used to make pig iron, which is then refined to produce steel.
- Pig Iron: A high carbon content iron, making it brittle and typically used as an intermediate product in steel manufacturing.
- Wrought Iron: Nearly pure iron, used extensively in the past for various items like rivets, nails, chains, and pipes.
- Cast Iron: An iron alloy with greater than 2% carbon content, making it brittle but widely used for pipes and automotive parts.
- Malleable cast iron is produced through a prolonged heat treatment process.
- Ingot Iron: A commercially pure iron with properties similar to low-carbon steel, mostly used for galvanized and enameled sheet metal.
- Steel: An alloy of iron with carbon and other elements, categorized into several types based on composition and properties:
- Carbon Steels: Varying carbon content affects strength and ductility, used in various structural components.
- Alloy Steels: Designed for specific properties by adding specific alloying elements such as nickel, chrome, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and manganese. Each element contributes unique characteristics to the steel.
- Stainless Steel: Highly corrosion-resistant, classified into several series:
- 200-300 Series (Austenitic): Tough and ductile, ideal for welding and used for many common applications.
- 400 Series: Subdivided into Ferritic and Martensitic groups, each with varying characteristics and applications.
- Nonferrous Metals: Contain either no iron or only insignificant amounts. Nonmagnetic and include:
- Copper: Widely used for various purposes, including alloys and protective coatings.
- True Brass: Copper and zinc alloy, used for sheet and strip applications.
- Bronze: Copper and tin alloy with historical significance, now refers to a range of copper-based alloys.
- Copper-Nickel Alloys: Resistant to wear and corrosion, used in saltwater piping and small storage tanks.
- Lead: Heavy, soft, and malleable, but poisonous; used for various applications.
- Zinc: Commonly used as a protective coating on iron or steel to prevent corrosion, known as galvanizing.
- Tin: Primarily used in alloys to improve corrosion resistance.
- Aluminum: Light, easy to work with, and aesthetically pleasing; needs alloying to increase strength.
- Duralumin: A heat-treatable structural aluminum alloy, now classified as 2017-T in the metalworking industry.
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