Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Flashcards

Study Notes

Metals

Typically hard, shiny solids that possess high density.
Malleable and excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
Most elements are metals, located on the left side of the zig-zag line on the Periodic Table.

Nonmetals

Commonly exist as gases at room temperature, with some being solids like phosphorus and sulfur.
Generally brittle, lacking malleability and ductility.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity; appear dull.
Positioned to the right of the zig-zag line on the Periodic Table.

Metalloids

Exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals, acting as a bridge between the two.
Can be either brittle or malleable and function as semiconductors.
Found directly on or near the zig-zag line on the Periodic Table.

Physical Properties

Observable characteristics without altering the substance, such as size, shape, and luster.
Include attributes like conductivity, malleability, and magnetic attraction.

Conductivity

Refers to the efficiency with which a substance transfers thermal energy (heat) and electricity.
Metals are identified as good conductors; conductivity testing is done using a tester that lights up if the material conducts well.

Luster

Describes the surface quality of minerals in reflecting light.
Can be categorized as lustrous (shiny like aluminum) or non-metallic (dull like charcoal).

Malleability

Indicates how easily a material can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets.
Metals are highly malleable; aluminum serves as a common example.

Ductility

Defines the capacity of a material to be drawn into thin wires without breaking.
Metals, such as copper used for electrical wiring, demonstrate high ductility.

Density

Describes the mass of a substance relative to its size.
Metals typically have a high density, while nonmetals are lower in density; illustrated by comparing a golf ball to a ping pong ball.

Brittleness

Indicates the likelihood of a material to break, snap, or crack under pressure.
Commonly associated with non-metals like charcoal or rocks.

Description

Test your knowledge of elements including metals, non-metals, and metalloids with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition and key characteristics to help you understand the differences between these categories of elements.