Metals and Trace Elements in Cellular Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

Which element makes up the largest percentage of the dry weight of a bacterial cell?

  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Carbon (correct)
  • Nitrogen

    • What is the most abundant macromolecule in a cell?

  • Polysaccharides
  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Lipids

    • Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Potassium (correct)
  • Magnesium

    • Which element is commonly supplied to cells as sulfate?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is required to stabilize ribosomes, membranes, and nucleic acids?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is an essential nutrient for marine microorganisms?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are considered essential for living systems?

    <p>Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of a microbial cell?

    <p>Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a microbial cell's dry weight is made up of proteins?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are macronutrients?

    <p>Nutrients required in large amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are micronutrients?

    <p>Nutrients required in trace amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does a single cell of Escherichia coli weigh approximately?

    <p>10-12g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many elements are essential for microbial nutrition?

    <p>At least 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal plays a major role in cellular respiration?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trace elements also known as?

    <p>Micronutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are growth factors?

    <p>Organic micronutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of culture media is prepared by adding precise amounts of pure chemicals to distilled water?

    <p>Defined media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

    <p>It makes new cell material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using complex media for culture?

    <p>Its nutritional composition is not known precisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of some microorganisms but not others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medium is less demanding to prepare for the growth of L. mesenteroides?

    <p>Complex medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium listed in Table 3.2 would not support the growth of any of the organisms other than T. thioparus?

    <p>Fourth medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has the greatest biosynthetic capacity among the organisms listed in Table 3.2?

    <p>Thiobacillus thioparus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sterilization of culture media typically achieved?

    <p>Heating in an autoclave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

    <p>To prevent contamination during manipulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method for obtaining pure cultures from liquid samples containing different organisms?

    <p>Restreaking isolated colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a microbial cell's dry weight is made up of proteins?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are considered essential for living systems?

    <p>Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

    <p>It provides energy for microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

    <p>To prevent contamination of microbial cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of specific microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are growth factors?

    <p>Specific organic compounds required in small amounts for microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are growth factors?

    <p>Chemical compounds required for the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

    <p>To provide energy for microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant macromolecule in a cell?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

    <p>To prevent contamination of microbial cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are micronutrients?

    <p>Nutrients required in trace amounts by microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of culture media is considered 'simple' because it contains only a single carbon source?

    <p>Defined media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media is made from digests of microbial, animal, or plant products and its nutritional composition is not known precisely?

    <p>Complex media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media is used for the culture of nutritionally demanding microorganisms and is embellished with additional highly nutritious substances?

    <p>Enriched media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media contains compounds that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms but not others?

    <p>Selective media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media reveals by a color change whether a particular metabolic reaction has occurred during growth?

    <p>Differential media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of aseptic technique in the microbiology laboratory?

    <p>To prevent contamination of cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many essential elements are there for microbial nutrition?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of agar in solid culture media?

    <p>To immobilize cells and allow them to grow and form colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method for obtaining pure cultures from liquid samples containing several different organisms?

    <p>Picking an isolated colony and restreaking it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of aseptic technique in the microbiology laboratory?

    <p>To prevent contamination during manipulations of cultures and sterile culture media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

    <p>To provide energy and serve as a building block for cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using complex media for culture?

    <p>It requires the addition of several individual nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medium is less demanding to prepare for the growth of L. mesenteroides?

    <p>Complex medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has the greatest biosynthetic capacity among the organisms listed in Table 3.2?

    <p>T. thioparus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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