Metals and Trace Elements in Cellular Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

Which element makes up the largest percentage of the dry weight of a bacterial cell?

  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Carbon (correct)
  • Nitrogen

What is the most abundant macromolecule in a cell?

  • Polysaccharides
  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Lipids

Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Potassium (correct)
  • Magnesium

Which element is commonly supplied to cells as sulfate?

<p>Sulfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine?

<p>Sulfur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is required to stabilize ribosomes, membranes, and nucleic acids?

<p>Magnesium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is an essential nutrient for marine microorganisms?

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are considered essential for living systems?

<p>Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of a microbial cell?

<p>Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a microbial cell's dry weight is made up of proteins?

<p>55% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are macronutrients?

<p>Nutrients required in large amounts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are micronutrients?

<p>Nutrients required in trace amounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much does a single cell of Escherichia coli weigh approximately?

<p>10-12g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are essential for microbial nutrition?

<p>At least 7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal plays a major role in cellular respiration?

<p>Iron (Fe) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are trace elements also known as?

<p>Micronutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are growth factors?

<p>Organic micronutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of culture media is prepared by adding precise amounts of pure chemicals to distilled water?

<p>Defined media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

<p>It makes new cell material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of using complex media for culture?

<p>Its nutritional composition is not known precisely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

<p>To inhibit the growth of some microorganisms but not others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medium is less demanding to prepare for the growth of L. mesenteroides?

<p>Complex medium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medium listed in Table 3.2 would not support the growth of any of the organisms other than T. thioparus?

<p>Fourth medium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has the greatest biosynthetic capacity among the organisms listed in Table 3.2?

<p>Thiobacillus thioparus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is sterilization of culture media typically achieved?

<p>Heating in an autoclave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

<p>To prevent contamination during manipulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method for obtaining pure cultures from liquid samples containing different organisms?

<p>Restreaking isolated colonies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a microbial cell's dry weight is made up of proteins?

<p>55% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are considered essential for living systems?

<p>Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

<p>It provides energy for microbial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

<p>To prevent contamination of microbial cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

<p>Phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

<p>To inhibit the growth of specific microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are growth factors?

<p>Specific organic compounds required in small amounts for microbial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

<p>Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology?

<p>To inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are growth factors?

<p>Chemical compounds required for the growth of microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

<p>To provide energy for microbial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant macromolecule in a cell?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aseptic technique used for in the microbiology laboratory?

<p>To prevent contamination of microbial cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are micronutrients?

<p>Nutrients required in trace amounts by microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of culture media is considered 'simple' because it contains only a single carbon source?

<p>Defined media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of media is made from digests of microbial, animal, or plant products and its nutritional composition is not known precisely?

<p>Complex media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of media is used for the culture of nutritionally demanding microorganisms and is embellished with additional highly nutritious substances?

<p>Enriched media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of media contains compounds that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms but not others?

<p>Selective media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of media reveals by a color change whether a particular metabolic reaction has occurred during growth?

<p>Differential media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of aseptic technique in the microbiology laboratory?

<p>To prevent contamination of cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many essential elements are there for microbial nutrition?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of agar in solid culture media?

<p>To immobilize cells and allow them to grow and form colonies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method for obtaining pure cultures from liquid samples containing several different organisms?

<p>Picking an isolated colony and restreaking it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aseptic technique in the microbiology laboratory?

<p>To prevent contamination during manipulations of cultures and sterile culture media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is required for the activity of several enzymes?

<p>Sulfur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major importance of the carbon source in culture media?

<p>To provide energy and serve as a building block for cellular components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine?

<p>Sulfur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of using complex media for culture?

<p>It requires the addition of several individual nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medium is less demanding to prepare for the growth of L. mesenteroides?

<p>Complex medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has the greatest biosynthetic capacity among the organisms listed in Table 3.2?

<p>T. thioparus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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