Metals and Their Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which metal is most malleable?

Silver

Aluminium

Gold (correct)

Copper

What property of metals allows them to be drawn into thin wires?

Malleability

Electrical conductivity

Ductility (correct)

Thermal conductivity

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

They are easily oxidized and react with air.

They contain free electrons that can easily transfer energy. (correct)

They are very dense and have a high melting point.

They are easily deformed and shaped.

Which of these metals is NOT mentioned as being highly ductile?

Gold (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the property of metals that allows them to produce sound when struck?

Sonorousity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a good conductor of electricity?

Glass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why metals are good conductors of electricity?

They contain free electrons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these metals is commonly used in electrical wiring?

Aluminium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for ferrous sulfate?

FeSO4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for the product formed when magnesium reacts with nitric acid?

Magnesium nitrate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for copper sulphate?

CuSO4 (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate, what is the role of iron?

Reducing agent (B) Signup and view all the answers

When copper metal is placed in a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3), what is the color change observed?

The solution turns blue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid to concentrated nitric acid in aqua regia?

3:1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is the most reactive?

Magnesium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a displacement reaction?

The reaction is always exothermic. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these metals can be extracted by electrolysis of its molten oxide?

Sodium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbon in the extraction of metals?

Carbon is used to reduce metals located high in the activity series. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the electrolytic reduction of molten sodium chloride, where does the sodium metal form?

At the cathode (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are noble gases typically found in monoatomic form?

They have a complete octet of electrons in their outermost shell, making them stable and unreactive. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of electrolytic refining?

To purify metals by removing impurities (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would you expect to lose electrons most easily based on the given information?

Sodium (Na) (A) Signup and view all the answers

In electrolytic refining, which of the following is used as the anode?

Impure metal (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs at the cathode during the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide?

Reduction (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the formation of a sodium ion (Na+) affect the number of protons and electrons in the atom?

The number of protons remains the same, but the number of electrons decreases by one. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the compound that is electrolyzed to produce aluminum?

Al2O3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which element listed in the table has the most similar electronic configuration to a sodium ion (Na+)?

Neon (Ne) (D) Signup and view all the answers

When an atom loses an electron, what type of ion is formed?

Cation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electrolyte in electrolytic refining?

To provide a source of metal ions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which element listed in the table has the most stable electronic configuration?

Argon (Ar) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the electronic configuration of helium (He) and other noble gases like neon (Ne) and argon (Ar)?

Helium has only two electrons in its outermost shell, while the rest have eight. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements would have the strongest tendency to gain an electron to achieve a stable electronic configuration?

Chlorine (Cl) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cathodic protection in preventing corrosion?

To use electricity to reverse the chemical reactions that cause corrosion (A) Signup and view all the answers

When iron is mixed with a small amount of carbon, it becomes harder and stronger. What is this mixture called?

Steel (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of electroplating a metal?

To protect the metal from corrosion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common method of preventing corrosion?

Adding a strong acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of corrosion prevention, what is the primary purpose of oiling and greasing?

To create a barrier between the metal and the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is pure iron rarely used?

It is too soft and easily deformed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific name for an alloy of mercury and other metals?

Amalgam (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that stainless steel is resistant to rusting?

It contains a high percentage of chromium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of rust formation on iron?

Exposure to oxygen and water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion?

Zinc (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is NOT mentioned as forming a protective oxide layer?

Iron (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of painting a metal surface to prevent corrosion?

To create a barrier between the metal and the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for basic copper carbonate, the green coating that forms on copper in moist air?

CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle behind cathodic protection of metals?

Using a more reactive metal to provide electrons and prevent oxidation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason silver articles turn black when exposed to air?

Reaction with hydrogen sulfide (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is typically used to protect pipelines buried underground from corrosion?

Cathodic protection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metals and Non-metals

Everything is made of elements, which can be classified as metals or non-metals based on properties.
Some elements share properties of both categories and are called semi-metals or metalloids.
Metals are hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals lack lustre, are poor conductors, brittle, and not malleable or ductile.
Metals are used in construction (buildings, bridges), coins, utensils, kitchenware, jewellery, and machine parts.
Non-metals are found in living things' respiration (oxygen), fertilizers (nitrogen), food (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur), and gunpowder (sulfur).
Various elements in the body have specific roles like chromium in sugar metabolism, cobalt in vitamin B12, iodine in thyroid function, manganese in bone calcium levels, and copper in red blood cell production.
Metals have luster due to electrons vibrating when light hits their surface and releasing energy.
Metals vary in hardness.
Metals are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Metals are good conductors of heat.
Metals are sonorous (produce a sound when struck).
Non-metals can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature, are brittle, non-lustrous, and poor conductors.
Non-metals include gases like oxygen and nitrogen, and solids like sulfur, phosphorus, and iodine.

Physical Properties of Metals

Most metals possess metallic lustre (shiny surface).
Metals are typically hard although there are soft exceptions like sodium and potassium.
Metals are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are sonorous (produce a characteristic sound when struck).

Chemical Properties of Metals

Almost all metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Metals' reactivity varies, some react violently while others have a slower reaction with oxygen.
Metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Some metals react vigorously with water to produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas (e.g., sodium and potassium).
Reactive metals, like sodium and potassium, react violently enough with water to ignite the hydrogen gas produced.
Less reactive metals, such as copper and aluminum, need to be heated to react with water.
Metals react with acids: Many metals react with dilute acids to liberate hydrogen gas, forming the salt of the metal. This reaction is fast for reactive metals and slow for less reactive counterparts.
Electropositive character: Metals readily lose electrons (e.g., sodium becoming sodium ion).
Metals act as reducing agents in most chemical reactions.

Chemical Properties of Non-Metals

Non-metals vary considerably with respect to reactivity.
Non-metals do not displace hydrogen from acids.
Non-metals have electronegative character.
Non-metals form acidic or neutral oxides (e.g., SO2, CO2, P2O5).
Non-metals act as oxidizing agents in most chemical reactions.

Why are ionic compounds hard?

Ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points because the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions are strong. Extra energy is needed to break these strong forces of attraction.
Ionic compounds are brittle and break into pieces at high pressures because these strong forces produce a rigid structure, and any change in that shape will cause the repulsion between like charged ions to make the material break.

Extraction of Metals

Extraction of metals from their ores is called metallurgy, involving crushing and grinding the ore.
Concentration of the ore and removal of impurities (gangue) through methods like gravity separation, hydraulic washing, and froth floatation.
Extracting metal from the concentrated ore involving different strategies based on the metal's reactivity:
- For high reactivity metals: Electrolysis of their molten or fused oxides or chlorides.
- For medium reactivity metals: First, convert the ore to oxide then use reduction.
- For low reactivity metals: Reduction in the presence of excess oxygen (Roasting).
Refining: Purification of impure metals using methods like electrolysis to get a pure metal.
Different techniques for refining are employed depending upon the metal.

Corrosion

Corrosion is the slow degradation of metals due to reaction with oxygen and moisture.
Corrosion is often a chemical process, such as iron rusting.
Various methods exist to prevent corrosion. -Painting. -Applying grease or varnish. -Protecting the metal with an alloy that is more resistant to corrosion(galvanizing). -Electroplating with a different metal (e.g., galvanizing or chromium plating). -Cathodic protection: Connecting a more reactive metal to the metal to be protected to displace any interaction with oxygen.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and behaviors of metals with this quiz. Explore concepts such as malleability, ductility, conductivity, and chemical reactions involving various metals. Perfect for students studying chemistry and material science.