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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bile in digestion?
What is the primary function of bile in digestion?
- To break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
- To digest proteins into amino acids.
- To neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach. (correct)
- To emulsify fats into smaller globules. (correct)
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins?
- Trypsin (correct)
- Pepsin
- Pancreatic amylase
- Lipase
What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?
What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?
- To absorb water from undigested food.
- To secrete digestive enzymes.
- To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. (correct)
- To move food through the digestive tract.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
What is the primary cause of a peptic ulcer?
What is the primary cause of a peptic ulcer?
Which of the following molecules is NOT a product of digestion in the small intestine?
Which of the following molecules is NOT a product of digestion in the small intestine?
What is the primary function of the pancreatic juice?
What is the primary function of the pancreatic juice?
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?
Which of the following oxides are classified as amphoteric?
Which of the following oxides are classified as amphoteric?
What term is used to describe the extraction of metals from their ores?
What term is used to describe the extraction of metals from their ores?
Which statement about metals is true?
Which statement about metals is true?
What are non-metals most likely to form when they react with metals?
What are non-metals most likely to form when they react with metals?
Which metal is known for having properties that allow it to corrode when exposed to moist air?
Which metal is known for having properties that allow it to corrode when exposed to moist air?
What is the primary characteristic of alkali metals?
What is the primary characteristic of alkali metals?
What describes a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals?
What describes a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals?
Which property is NOT characteristic of non-metals?
Which property is NOT characteristic of non-metals?
What is the pH value of tears?
What is the pH value of tears?
Which of the following compounds is classified as a saturated hydrocarbon?
Which of the following compounds is classified as a saturated hydrocarbon?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
What is a common application for citric acid?
What is a common application for citric acid?
Which of these substances has the lowest pH value?
Which of these substances has the lowest pH value?
What compound is predominantly produced from the decomposition of acetoacetic acid?
What compound is predominantly produced from the decomposition of acetoacetic acid?
Which type of hydrocarbon includes compounds with alternating double bonds?
Which type of hydrocarbon includes compounds with alternating double bonds?
In which range does the pH of normal urine typically fall?
In which range does the pH of normal urine typically fall?
What is presbyopia primarily caused by?
What is presbyopia primarily caused by?
At what distance does the near-point of an old person with presbyopia typically recede to?
At what distance does the near-point of an old person with presbyopia typically recede to?
How is presbyopia typically corrected?
How is presbyopia typically corrected?
Which condition is characterized by a person's inability to distinguish between red and green colors?
Which condition is characterized by a person's inability to distinguish between red and green colors?
What is the hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A that affects night vision?
What is the hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A that affects night vision?
Which of the following is not a symptom associated with presbyopia?
Which of the following is not a symptom associated with presbyopia?
In cases of astigmatism, which type of lenses are typically recommended?
In cases of astigmatism, which type of lenses are typically recommended?
What facilitates the eye's ability to see nearby objects?
What facilitates the eye's ability to see nearby objects?
What is the primary purpose of adding gypsum to cement?
What is the primary purpose of adding gypsum to cement?
What are the main ingredients used in the manufacture of Portland cement?
What are the main ingredients used in the manufacture of Portland cement?
Which of the following components is necessary for creating reinforced concrete?
Which of the following components is necessary for creating reinforced concrete?
What type of glass is typically made from a mixture of sodium or calcium silicate?
What type of glass is typically made from a mixture of sodium or calcium silicate?
What effect does rapid cooling have on molten glass?
What effect does rapid cooling have on molten glass?
Which of the following oxides produces a yellow color when added to molten glass?
Which of the following oxides produces a yellow color when added to molten glass?
What is the purpose of annealing in glass production?
What is the purpose of annealing in glass production?
What happens to cement if there is an excess of lime during its setting process?
What happens to cement if there is an excess of lime during its setting process?
Study Notes
Metals
- Most metal oxides are basic in nature, but zinc oxide and aluminium oxide are amphoteric.
- Metals form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals and are electropositive in nature.
- Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides, except for aluminium oxide and zinc oxide which show properties of both basic and acidic oxides.
- The reactivity of metals with water and dilute acids varies, with some metals displacing hydrogen from dilute acids.
- Metals can be arranged in an activity series, which lists metals in order of their decreasing reactivity.
Non-Metals
- Non-metals have properties opposite to those of metals.
- They are neither malleable nor ductile, and are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite.
- Non-metals form negatively charged ions by gaining electrons when reacting with metals.
- Non-metals form oxides which are either acidic or neutral.
- Non-metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids, but react with hydrogen to form hydrides.
Alkali Metals and Their Compounds
- Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
- Citric acid is found in citrus fruits and is used in making beverages and as a mordant in dyeing and calico-printing.
- Acetoacetic acid is a colourless liquid that decomposes to form acetone and CO2, and is found in excess in the urine of diabetic patients.
pH Values
- pH values of various substances:
- Blood: 7.3-7.5
- Tears: 7.4
- Saliva: 6.5-7.5
- Urine: 5.5-7.5
- Coffee: 4.5-5.5
- Beer: 4.0-5.0
- Wine: 2.8-3.8
- Vinegar: 2.4-3.4
Organic Compounds and Hydrocarbons
- Organic compounds are composed of only hydrogen and carbon.
- Hydrocarbons can be classified into three types:
- Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes or paraffins): bonded by single bonds, with general formula CnH2n+2.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes or alkynes): contain at least one double or triple bond, with general formula CnH2n for alkenes and CnH2n-2 for alkynes.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons: have ring structures with alternate double bonds, e.g. benzene.
Glass
- Glass is a super-cooled liquid of silicate, and is amorphous in nature.
- Raw materials used to form glass include sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sand.
- Glass can be coloured by adding metallic oxides or salts to the molten glass.
- Types of glasses and their uses:
- Soft glass (soda glass): mixture of sodium or calcium silicate.
Digestive System
- Bile makes acidic food from the stomach alkaline, allowing pancreatic enzymes to act.
- Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase.
- Intestinal juice converts complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
- Digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine, which has villi that increase the surface area.
- Undigested food goes into the large intestine, where water is absorbed, making the stool solid.
Eye Defects
- Peptic ulcer: an ulcer on the inner membrane lining of the stomach, caused by higher acidity of gastric juice secretions.
- Presbyopia: a defect of vision due to loss of power of accommodation of the eye, causing difficulty seeing nearby objects.
- Astigmatism: a defect of vision where a person cannot see horizontal or vertical objects, corrected using cylindrical lenses.
- Colour blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot distinguish between colours, especially red and green.
- Night blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot see objects clearly at night.
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Description
This quiz covers the properties of metals, including their oxides, reactivity with water and acids, and electropositive nature.
