Metals and Their Properties

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of bile in digestion?

To break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.

To digest proteins into amino acids.

To neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach. (correct)

To emulsify fats into smaller globules. (correct)

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins?

Trypsin (correct)

Pepsin

Pancreatic amylase

Lipase

What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?

To absorb water from undigested food.

To secrete digestive enzymes.

To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. (correct)

To move food through the digestive tract.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Production of bile. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a peptic ulcer?

High acidity of gastric juice secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is NOT a product of digestion in the small intestine?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreatic juice?

To provide digestive enzymes for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxides are classified as amphoteric?

Zinc oxide Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the extraction of metals from their ores?

Metallurgy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about metals is true?

Metals can displace hydrogen from dilute acids when above hydrogen in the activity series. Signup and view all the answers

What are non-metals most likely to form when they react with metals?

Negatively charged ions Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is known for having properties that allow it to corrode when exposed to moist air?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of alkali metals?

They belong to the first group of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals?

Alloy Signup and view all the answers

Which property is NOT characteristic of non-metals?

Malleability Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH value of tears?

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is classified as a saturated hydrocarbon?

Methane Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for alkenes?

CnH2n Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application for citric acid?

Used as a mordant in dying Signup and view all the answers

Which of these substances has the lowest pH value?

Vinegar Signup and view all the answers

What compound is predominantly produced from the decomposition of acetoacetic acid?

Acetone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydrocarbon includes compounds with alternating double bonds?

Aromatic hydrocarbons Signup and view all the answers

In which range does the pH of normal urine typically fall?

6.5 - 7.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is presbyopia primarily caused by?

Diminished flexibility of the eye-lens Signup and view all the answers

At what distance does the near-point of an old person with presbyopia typically recede to?

More than 25 centimeters Signup and view all the answers

How is presbyopia typically corrected?

Convex lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a person's inability to distinguish between red and green colors?

Colour blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A that affects night vision?

Night blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a symptom associated with presbyopia?

Difficulty seeing at night Signup and view all the answers

In cases of astigmatism, which type of lenses are typically recommended?

Cylindrical lenses Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the eye's ability to see nearby objects?

Bulging of the eye-lens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding gypsum to cement?

Decrease the rate of setting Signup and view all the answers

What are the main ingredients used in the manufacture of Portland cement?

Limestone and clay Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is necessary for creating reinforced concrete?

Steel bars and wires Signup and view all the answers

What type of glass is typically made from a mixture of sodium or calcium silicate?

Soft glass Signup and view all the answers

What effect does rapid cooling have on molten glass?

Causes brittleness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxides produces a yellow color when added to molten glass?

Cadmium Sulphide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of annealing in glass production?

To promote slow and uniform cooling Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cement if there is an excess of lime during its setting process?

It may crack during setting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metals

Most metal oxides are basic in nature, but zinc oxide and aluminium oxide are amphoteric.
Metals form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals and are electropositive in nature.
Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides, except for aluminium oxide and zinc oxide which show properties of both basic and acidic oxides.
The reactivity of metals with water and dilute acids varies, with some metals displacing hydrogen from dilute acids.
Metals can be arranged in an activity series, which lists metals in order of their decreasing reactivity.

Non-Metals

Non-metals have properties opposite to those of metals.
They are neither malleable nor ductile, and are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite.
Non-metals form negatively charged ions by gaining electrons when reacting with metals.
Non-metals form oxides which are either acidic or neutral.
Non-metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids, but react with hydrogen to form hydrides.

Alkali Metals and Their Compounds

Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Citric acid is found in citrus fruits and is used in making beverages and as a mordant in dyeing and calico-printing.
Acetoacetic acid is a colourless liquid that decomposes to form acetone and CO2, and is found in excess in the urine of diabetic patients.

pH Values

pH values of various substances:
- Blood: 7.3-7.5
- Tears: 7.4
- Saliva: 6.5-7.5
- Urine: 5.5-7.5
- Coffee: 4.5-5.5
- Beer: 4.0-5.0
- Wine: 2.8-3.8
- Vinegar: 2.4-3.4

Organic Compounds and Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds are composed of only hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrocarbons can be classified into three types:
- Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes or paraffins): bonded by single bonds, with general formula CnH2n+2.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes or alkynes): contain at least one double or triple bond, with general formula CnH2n for alkenes and CnH2n-2 for alkynes.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons: have ring structures with alternate double bonds, e.g. benzene.

Glass

Glass is a super-cooled liquid of silicate, and is amorphous in nature.
Raw materials used to form glass include sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sand.
Glass can be coloured by adding metallic oxides or salts to the molten glass.
Types of glasses and their uses:
- Soft glass (soda glass): mixture of sodium or calcium silicate.

Digestive System

Bile makes acidic food from the stomach alkaline, allowing pancreatic enzymes to act.
Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase.
Intestinal juice converts complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine, which has villi that increase the surface area.
Undigested food goes into the large intestine, where water is absorbed, making the stool solid.

Eye Defects

Peptic ulcer: an ulcer on the inner membrane lining of the stomach, caused by higher acidity of gastric juice secretions.
Presbyopia: a defect of vision due to loss of power of accommodation of the eye, causing difficulty seeing nearby objects.
Astigmatism: a defect of vision where a person cannot see horizontal or vertical objects, corrected using cylindrical lenses.
Colour blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot distinguish between colours, especially red and green.
Night blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot see objects clearly at night.

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Description

This quiz covers the properties of metals, including their oxides, reactivity with water and acids, and electropositive nature.