Metals and Their Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of bile in digestion?

  • To break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
  • To digest proteins into amino acids.
  • To neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach. (correct)
  • To emulsify fats into smaller globules. (correct)

    • Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins?

  • Trypsin (correct)
  • Pepsin
  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Lipase

    • What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?

  • To absorb water from undigested food.
  • To secrete digestive enzymes.
  • To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. (correct)
  • To move food through the digestive tract.

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

    <p>Production of bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a peptic ulcer?

    <p>High acidity of gastric juice secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is NOT a product of digestion in the small intestine?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pancreatic juice?

    <p>To provide digestive enzymes for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oxides are classified as amphoteric?

    <p>Zinc oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the extraction of metals from their ores?

    <p>Metallurgy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about metals is true?

    <p>Metals can displace hydrogen from dilute acids when above hydrogen in the activity series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are non-metals most likely to form when they react with metals?

    <p>Negatively charged ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal is known for having properties that allow it to corrode when exposed to moist air?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of alkali metals?

    <p>They belong to the first group of the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals?

    <p>Alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is NOT characteristic of non-metals?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value of tears?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is classified as a saturated hydrocarbon?

    <p>Methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application for citric acid?

    <p>Used as a mordant in dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these substances has the lowest pH value?

    <p>Vinegar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is predominantly produced from the decomposition of acetoacetic acid?

    <p>Acetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon includes compounds with alternating double bonds?

    <p>Aromatic hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which range does the pH of normal urine typically fall?

    <p>6.5 - 7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is presbyopia primarily caused by?

    <p>Diminished flexibility of the eye-lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what distance does the near-point of an old person with presbyopia typically recede to?

    <p>More than 25 centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is presbyopia typically corrected?

    <p>Convex lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a person's inability to distinguish between red and green colors?

    <p>Colour blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A that affects night vision?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom associated with presbyopia?

    <p>Difficulty seeing at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of astigmatism, which type of lenses are typically recommended?

    <p>Cylindrical lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the eye's ability to see nearby objects?

    <p>Bulging of the eye-lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adding gypsum to cement?

    <p>Decrease the rate of setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main ingredients used in the manufacture of Portland cement?

    <p>Limestone and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is necessary for creating reinforced concrete?

    <p>Steel bars and wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glass is typically made from a mixture of sodium or calcium silicate?

    <p>Soft glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does rapid cooling have on molten glass?

    <p>Causes brittleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oxides produces a yellow color when added to molten glass?

    <p>Cadmium Sulphide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of annealing in glass production?

    <p>To promote slow and uniform cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cement if there is an excess of lime during its setting process?

    <p>It may crack during setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metals

    • Most metal oxides are basic in nature, but zinc oxide and aluminium oxide are amphoteric.
    • Metals form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals and are electropositive in nature.
    • Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides, except for aluminium oxide and zinc oxide which show properties of both basic and acidic oxides.
    • The reactivity of metals with water and dilute acids varies, with some metals displacing hydrogen from dilute acids.
    • Metals can be arranged in an activity series, which lists metals in order of their decreasing reactivity.

    Non-Metals

    • Non-metals have properties opposite to those of metals.
    • They are neither malleable nor ductile, and are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite.
    • Non-metals form negatively charged ions by gaining electrons when reacting with metals.
    • Non-metals form oxides which are either acidic or neutral.
    • Non-metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids, but react with hydrogen to form hydrides.

    Alkali Metals and Their Compounds

    • Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
    • Citric acid is found in citrus fruits and is used in making beverages and as a mordant in dyeing and calico-printing.
    • Acetoacetic acid is a colourless liquid that decomposes to form acetone and CO2, and is found in excess in the urine of diabetic patients.

    pH Values

    • pH values of various substances:
      • Blood: 7.3-7.5
      • Tears: 7.4
      • Saliva: 6.5-7.5
      • Urine: 5.5-7.5
      • Coffee: 4.5-5.5
      • Beer: 4.0-5.0
      • Wine: 2.8-3.8
      • Vinegar: 2.4-3.4

    Organic Compounds and Hydrocarbons

    • Organic compounds are composed of only hydrogen and carbon.
    • Hydrocarbons can be classified into three types:
      • Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes or paraffins): bonded by single bonds, with general formula CnH2n+2.
      • Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes or alkynes): contain at least one double or triple bond, with general formula CnH2n for alkenes and CnH2n-2 for alkynes.
      • Aromatic hydrocarbons: have ring structures with alternate double bonds, e.g. benzene.

    Glass

    • Glass is a super-cooled liquid of silicate, and is amorphous in nature.
    • Raw materials used to form glass include sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sand.
    • Glass can be coloured by adding metallic oxides or salts to the molten glass.
    • Types of glasses and their uses:
      • Soft glass (soda glass): mixture of sodium or calcium silicate.

    Digestive System

    • Bile makes acidic food from the stomach alkaline, allowing pancreatic enzymes to act.
    • Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase.
    • Intestinal juice converts complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
    • Digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine, which has villi that increase the surface area.
    • Undigested food goes into the large intestine, where water is absorbed, making the stool solid.

    Eye Defects

    • Peptic ulcer: an ulcer on the inner membrane lining of the stomach, caused by higher acidity of gastric juice secretions.
    • Presbyopia: a defect of vision due to loss of power of accommodation of the eye, causing difficulty seeing nearby objects.
    • Astigmatism: a defect of vision where a person cannot see horizontal or vertical objects, corrected using cylindrical lenses.
    • Colour blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot distinguish between colours, especially red and green.
    • Night blindness: a hereditary disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin A, where a person cannot see objects clearly at night.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the properties of metals, including their oxides, reactivity with water and acids, and electropositive nature.

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