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What is the easiest way to start grouping substances?
What is the easiest way to start grouping substances?
Comparing their physical properties.
Which of the following metals are listed as examples for Activities 3.1 to 3.6?
Which of the following metals are listed as examples for Activities 3.1 to 3.6?
What is the property called when metals, in their pure state, have a shining surface?
What is the property called when metals, in their pure state, have a shining surface?
Metallic lustre.
What property refers to the ability of metals to be beaten into thin sheets?
What property refers to the ability of metals to be beaten into thin sheets?
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The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility.
The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility.
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What is the most ductile metal?
What is the most ductile metal?
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Why are metals important for making cooking vessels?
Why are metals important for making cooking vessels?
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Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Metals are good conductors of electricity.
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What are the two best conductors of heat?
What are the two best conductors of heat?
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What are two examples of poor conductors of heat?
What are two examples of poor conductors of heat?
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What are metals that produce a sound on striking a hard surface called?
What are metals that produce a sound on striking a hard surface called?
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Non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid.
Non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid.
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What are three examples of non-metals given in the passage?
What are three examples of non-metals given in the passage?
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Non-metals are generally hard, malleable, and ductile.
Non-metals are generally hard, malleable, and ductile.
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What is the name of the process where a metal is heated strongly in the presence of excess air, converting sulphide ores into oxides?
What is the name of the process where a metal is heated strongly in the presence of excess air, converting sulphide ores into oxides?
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What is the name of the process where a metal is heated strongly in limited air, converting carbonate ores into oxides?
What is the name of the process where a metal is heated strongly in limited air, converting carbonate ores into oxides?
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What substance is often used as a reducing agent in metal extraction?
What substance is often used as a reducing agent in metal extraction?
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What are two examples of highly reactive metals that cannot be obtained from their compounds by heating with carbon?
What are two examples of highly reactive metals that cannot be obtained from their compounds by heating with carbon?
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What is the process called where impurities are removed from metals to obtain pure metals?
What is the process called where impurities are removed from metals to obtain pure metals?
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What is the name of the process used for refining metals
What is the name of the process used for refining metals
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What is the name of the chemical reaction where iron(III) oxide reacts with aluminium, producing a significant exothermic heat?
What is the name of the chemical reaction where iron(III) oxide reacts with aluminium, producing a significant exothermic heat?
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What is the common term for the strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions that gives ionic compounds their hard and brittle nature?
What is the common term for the strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions that gives ionic compounds their hard and brittle nature?
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Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
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Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water.
Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water.
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Ionic compounds conduct electricity in their solid state.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity in their solid state.
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What is the name of the process used to remove impurities from ores?
What is the name of the process used to remove impurities from ores?
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What is the common term for impurities found in ores?
What is the common term for impurities found in ores?
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What are three techniques used for extracting metals depending on their reactivity level?
What are three techniques used for extracting metals depending on their reactivity level?
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What is the process called when a metal is heated in air to convert it into its oxide form?
What is the process called when a metal is heated in air to convert it into its oxide form?
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Metals low in the activity series are more reactive than those in the middle of the activity series.
Metals low in the activity series are more reactive than those in the middle of the activity series.
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What is the common term for the process of a metal undergoing any kind of chemical reaction with oxygen?
What is the common term for the process of a metal undergoing any kind of chemical reaction with oxygen?
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What is the name of the brown flaky substance that forms on iron surfaces when exposed to moist air?
What is the name of the brown flaky substance that forms on iron surfaces when exposed to moist air?
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What are the three conditions necessary for the formation of rust?
What are the three conditions necessary for the formation of rust?
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What is the process called when a thin layer of zinc is coated onto steel and iron to protect them from rusting?
What is the process called when a thin layer of zinc is coated onto steel and iron to protect them from rusting?
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What is the name of a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and non-metal?
What is the name of a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and non-metal?
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What is the name of the process where a metal is heated to high temperatures and then cooled, often creating a homogeneous solid?
What is the name of the process where a metal is heated to high temperatures and then cooled, often creating a homogeneous solid?
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Study Notes
Metals and Non-metals
- Elements are classified as metals or non-metals based on their properties.
- Metals are used in various ways in daily life.
- Non-metals are also used widely in daily life.
- Physical properties are used to group elements.
Physical Properties of Metals
- Metals generally have a shining surface (metallic lustre).
- Metals are hard.
- Metals can be hammered into thin sheets (malleable).
- Metals can be drawn into wires (ductile).
- Metals are good conductors of heat.
- Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Physical Properties of Non-metals
- Non-metals do not have a shining surface.
- Non-metals are generally brittle.
- Non-metals are not malleable or ductile.
- Non-metals are poor conductors of heat.
- Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity.
Activity 3.1
- Samples of metals (iron, copper, aluminium, magnesium) were examined.
- The appearance of each sample was noted.
- Surfaces were cleaned with sandpaper to observe their appearance again.
- Metals in pure form have shining surfaces (metallic lustre).
Activity 3.2
- Small pieces of metals were cut with a knife.
- Sodium metal was handled carefully (with tongs, and between filter paper).
- Observations of the cutting process were recorded.
Activity 3.3
- Pieces of iron, zinc, lead, and copper were subjected to hammering on a block of iron.
- The change in the shape of the metals was recorded.
- Some metals are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) and gold and silver are the most malleable.
Activity 3.4
- Metals like iron, copper, aluminum, lead, etc. were considered.
- Which of the metals can be drawn into thin wires?
- The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility, Gold was noted to be the most ductile metal (a 2-km wire can be drawn from 1 gram of gold).
Activity 3.5
- An aluminium or copper wire was clamped to a stand.
- A pin is fixed to the free end of the wire using wax.
- The wire is heated with a spirit lamp, candle or a burner.
- The wire's behavior (melting) was observed.
- Metals are good conductors of heat.
- Some metals have higher melting points.
Activity 3.6
- An electric circuit was set up.
- A metal sample was placed between the circuit terminals.
- The behaviour of the circuit (light bulb) was observed.
- Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Activity 3.7
- Samples of non-metals (carbon, sulphur, iodine) were examined.
- Their physical properties were compared with those of metals.
- Nonmetals are generally brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Activity 3.8
- Magnesium ribbon and sulphur powder were burned.
- The products were tested using litmus paper.
- Equations for the reactions were written.
- Most nonmetals produce acidic oxides when dissolved in water.
- Most metals produce basic oxides when dissolved in water.
Activity 3.9
- Different metals were heated in air.
- Their reactions (how they burn) were observed and recorded.
- Observations were recorded to determine the relative reactivity of metals towards oxygen.
Activity 3.10
- Pieces of metal samples were placed in beakers with cold or hot water/steam.
- The behaviour (reaction, floating) of the metals as they react with water/steam, and at cold and hot temperatures.
- Reactivity decreases as you move down the activity series
- Reactivity of the metals were observed
Activity 3.11
- Metal samples (except sodium, potassium) were used.
- Metal samples were placed in dilute hydrochloric acid
- Observations of the rate of bubble formation and temperature were recorded.
- Metals reacted with dilute acid.
- Highest temperature change accompanied the fastest reaction
Activity 3.12
- Copper wire and iron nail were put in solutions of iron sulphate and copper sulphate.
- Changes after 20 minutes were recorded.
- Observations reveal that more reactive metals replace less reactive metals in compounds
Reactivity Series of Metals
- A list that arranges metals in decreasing order of reactivity, useful to predict reactions between metals and compounds
Corrosion
- Iron reacts with moist air and forms a substance called rust.
- Other metals also react with air, forming coatings or layers that change their appearance.
- Conditions promoting corrosion include presence of water and air.
Preventing Corrosion
- Methods like painting, oiling, and galvanizing can prevent corrosion of metals.
- Alloying (mixing metals to create an alloy) can improve a metal's properties and thus prevent corrosion.
Extraction of Metals
- Metals are found in various forms (e.g., oxides, sulphides, carbonates) in ores.
- Different methods are used to extract metals based on their reactivity.
- Ores are enriched (purified) to obtain the metal for use.
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Description
Explore the characteristics and properties of metals and non-metals in daily life. This quiz will assess your understanding of their physical properties and classifications. Test your knowledge with practical examples from activity 3.1.
