Metals and Minerals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

  • Brittle (correct)
  • Malleable
  • Good conductors of electricity
  • Good conductors of heat

    • Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

  • Gold (Au)
  • Oxygen (O)
  • Silicon (Si) (correct)
  • Sodium (Na)

    • Which of these metals is a liquid at room temperature?

  • Mercury (Hg) (correct)
  • Copper (Cu)
  • Silver (Ag)
  • Gold (Au)

    • What is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets called?

    <p>Malleability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is a non-metal?

    <p>Sulfur (S) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a noble gas?

    <p>Chlorine (Cl) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical symbol for the element potassium?

    <p>K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common source of metals?

    <p>Earth's crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the earthly and rocky impurities found associated with minerals?

    <p>Both A and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some minerals not considered ores?

    <p>The metal extraction process is economically unfeasible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oxides the most common form of ores?

    <p>Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of crushing and grinding ore in the extraction process?

    <p>To reduce the size of the ore particles for efficient processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT used to concentrate ore?

    <p>Electrolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals is typically found in its native state (free state)?

    <p>Gold (Au) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in the extraction methods for low reactivity metals and high reactivity metals?

    <p>High reactivity metals require chemical reduction processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common method for extracting metals of low reactivity?

    <p>Electrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in extracting metals of medium reactivity?

    <p>Crushing and grinding of ore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is specific to sulphide ores?

    <p>Roasting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of calcination?

    <p>Converting a carbonate ore into an oxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reduction is used for metals of high reactivity?

    <p>Electrolytic reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why highly reactive metals cannot be reduced by conventional reducing agents?

    <p>They have a high affinity for oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In electrolytic reduction, what state are the metal oxides or chlorides in?

    <p>Liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a highly reactive metal?

    <p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using electrolytic reduction?

    <p>It produces a higher purity metal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of metals of medium reactivity?

    <p>They can be reduced by carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is common to both highly reactive metals and metals of medium reactivity?

    <p>Concentration of ore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of electrolytic refining in the extraction of metals?

    <p>To remove impurities from metals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the refining or purification of metals?

    <p>Electrolytic reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are essential for rusting to occur?

    <p>Oxygen and water-vapour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does patina provide to metals like copper?

    <p>It forms a protective layer against further corrosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of corrosion, specifically in the case of rusting?

    <p>It leads to structural weakness in iron objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product formed during the roasting of a metal sulfide?

    <p>Metal oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical process is used to extract metals of medium reactivity like zinc?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between roasting and calcination?

    <p>Roasting is used for sulfides, while calcination is used for carbonates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common reducing agent used in the extraction of metals?

    <p>Sodium chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical reaction known as 'aluminothermy'?

    <p>Reduction of a metal oxide using aluminum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon not typically used as a reducing agent for metals like manganese?

    <p>Manganese is more reactive than carbon, making reduction difficult. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the thermite reaction is used for welding?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the thermite reaction?

    <p>Exothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of roasting or calcination in the extraction of metals?

    <p>To convert metal sulfides or carbonates into metal oxides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the extraction of metals?

    <p>The extraction process for metals is generally determined by their reactivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Types of Elements

    Elements are classified into metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases.

    Common Metals

    Examples include Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Gold.

    Common Non-metals

    Examples include Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Iodine.

    Metalloids

    Elements that possess properties of both metals and non-metals, like Boron and Silicon.

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    Noble Gases

    Inert gases like Helium, Neon, Argon that do not readily react with others.

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    Physical Property: Malleability

    The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.

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    Physical Property: Ductility

    The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires.

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    Compound form

    A way metals can occur in combination with other elements.

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    Minerals

    Naturally occurring materials containing metals in elements or compounds.

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    Gangue

    The earthly impurities associated with minerals.

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    Ores

    Minerals from which metals can be extracted economically.

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    Extraction steps

    Processes include crushing, concentration, and extraction of metals.

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    Low reactivity metals

    Metals that can be found in their free/native state.

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    Concentration of Ore

    The process of removing gangue to increase metal content.

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    Extraction of metals

    The process to obtain metals from concentrated ores.

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    Reactive series of metals

    A ranking of metals based on their reactivity.

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    Electrolytic Reduction

    A process to reduce metal ores using electricity to obtain pure metals.

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    Step I: Crushing and Grinding of Ore

    The first step in metal extraction, where ores are crushed and ground into fine particles.

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    Electrolytic Refining

    A method of purifying metals using an electrolytic process involving anode and cathode.

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    Corrosion

    The deterioration of metals due to reactions with environmental elements, forming stable oxides or salts.

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    Patina

    A protective layer that forms on some metals, like copper, preventing further corrosion.

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    Metal Sulphide Reaction

    Metal sulphide reacts with oxygen to form metal oxide and sulphur dioxide.

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    Metal Carbonate Reaction

    Metal carbonate decomposes into metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas.

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    Roasting

    A process of heating metal ores to extract metals by oxidizing them.

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    Calcination

    Heating of metal ores in the absence of air to remove volatile substances.

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    Metal Extraction

    The process of obtaining pure metal from its concentrated ore.

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    Reducing Agents

    Substances that donate electrons to reduce metal oxides to metals.

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    Smelting

    Reduction of metal oxides using carbon (coke) to obtain metals.

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    Aluminothermy

    Reduction of metal oxide using aluminium, releasing heat.

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    Thermite Reaction

    An exothermic redox reaction used to weld materials using aluminothermy.

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    Why Not Carbon for Mn?

    Carbon cannot reduce manganese oxides due to reactivity issues.

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    Medium Reactivity Metals

    Metals that can be reduced from oxides using reducing agents.

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    Step I: Crushing and Grinding

    The process of breaking down ore to increase surface area for further processing.

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    Step II: Concentration of Ore

    Removing impurities to increase the metal content in the ore.

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    Step III: Extraction from Metal Oxide

    The process of reducing metal oxides to their metallic form.

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    High Reactivity Metals

    Metals like K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Al that require special extraction methods.

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    Oxides and Chlorides

    Stable compounds of highly reactive metals that can’t be reduced by standard methods.

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    Refining/Purification

    Final step to enhance the quality of extracted metal.

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    Study Notes

    Metals and Non-metals in One Shot

    • The presentation covers topics including: Introduction to Types of Elements, Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Reactivity Series, Ionic Compounds, Metallurgy, and Corrosion.
    • It incorporates NCERT activities and experiments.
    • Specific topics within the presentation include: elements classifications (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, noble gases), physical properties (hardness, lustre, malleability, ductility, sonority, electrical conductivity, heat conduction, melting point), chemical properties (reaction with oxygen, water, dilute acids, other metal solutions, steam, and different metals), and methods of extraction of metals from ores.

    Types of Elements

    • Elements are broadly categorized into Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids, and Noble Gases.
    • Common metals include Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), and Gold (Au).
    • Common non-metals include Carbon (C), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), Iodine (I), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), and Bromine (Br).
    • Metalloids include Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), and Tellurium (Te).
    • Noble Gases include Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

    Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals

    • Hardness: Metals are generally hard, except Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium. Nonmetals, in general, are soft, with exceptions like Diamond.

    • Lustre: Metals have a shiny surface (lustrous) when pure or free from oxides(i.e., un-tarnished). Non-metals are usually dull.

    • Malleability: Metals can be hammered into thin sheets. Mercury and Zinc are exceptions. Non-metals are generally non-malleable.

    • Ductility: Metals can be drawn into wires. Mercury and Zinc are exceptions. Non-metals are generally non-ductile.

    • Sonority: Metals produce a ringing sound when struck, called sonority. Non-metals are non-sonorous.

    • Electrical Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of electricity due to free electrons. Non-metals are poor conductors (exceptions like Graphite).

    • Heat Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat. Non-metals are poor conductors (exceptions like Diamond).

    • Melting Point: Metals, in general, have a high melting point. Exceptions include Gallium and Cesium. Non-metals generally have a low melting point. Exceptions include Diamond.

    Reactivity Series of Metals

    • Reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of their decreasing reactivity.
    • Metals at the top of the series are the most reactive and metals at the bottom are less reactive.
    • Reactivity is based on their reactions with oxygen, water, dilute acids, and other metal solutions.

    Ionic Compounds and Its Properties

    • Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.
    • Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Nonmetals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
    • Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because of strong electrostatic forces between cations and anions. They are usually crystalline solids.
    • Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water but insoluble in solvents like kerosene, petrol. They conduct electricity in the molten and aqueous states but not in the solid state.

    Metallurgy

    • Metallurgy is the branch of science that deals with extraction of metals.
    • The process aims for economic and convenient extraction from naturally occurring compounds in ores.
    • The ores are usually associated with impurities (gangue or matrix). These must be separated from the ore.

    Corrosion

    • Corrosion is the deterioration of metal due to a reaction with atmospheric gases (oxygen, moisture), typically resulting in oxides, sulphides or carbonates.
    • Rusting (iron corrosion) results in a reddish-brown flaky layer of hydrated iron(III) oxide.
    • Tarnishing of copper leads to a green patina on copper surfaces.
    • Tarnishing of silver is characterized by a black layer of silver sulfide.

    Methods to prevent Corrosion

    • Barrier Protection: This method creates a barrier between the metal and its environment preventing contact with atmospheric gases such as oxygen and moisture. Examples include painting, applying oil or grease.
    • Sacrificial Protection: Here, a more reactive metal is used to protect the less reactive metal from corrosion. Zinc is frequently used as a sacrificial metal to prevent the rusting of iron.
    • Alloying: This method involves mixing two or more metals or metals mixed with other non-metals creating a much more resistant alloy to corrosion. Examples include brass, bronze, German silver and stainless steel.
    • Anodising: An electrolytic process used mainly to create a thicker, more resistant oxide layer on the surface of metals like aluminum.

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    Chemistry - Metals and Non-Metals Class Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the characteristics of metals, metalloids, and non-metals. This quiz covers the extraction processes, the nature of ores, and the properties that distinguish metals from other elements. Dive into the fascinating world of chemistry and improve your understanding of elemental properties.

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