46 Questions
What is the primary purpose of alloying used to affect bulk material properties?
To affect overall stiffness, tensile strength, toughness, and other attributes
What type of alloying is used to improve surface-related properties like corrosion resistance and hardness?
Surface alloying
What is an example of a thermal treatment?
Hot dip galvanizing
What is the result of cold plastic deformation on a metal?
It increases the metal's hardness
What is the purpose of controlling the grains dimension of a metal?
To increase the metal's tensile strength
What is the difference between copper and copper alloys?
Copper alloys have improved surface-related properties
What is not a characteristic that can be affected by alloying?
Electrical conductivity
What is the term for the alteration of the chemical composition of the surface of a metal?
Plating
What is the primary reason for using stainless steel in long-life buildings and civil works?
To prioritize durability above other criteria
Which of the following is NOT a use of stainless steel in civil engineering?
Concrete foundations
Why is AISI 316 stainless steel used in marine or industrial highly aggressive atmosphere?
Due to its high corrosion resistance
What is the approximate cost difference between stainless steel and steel for general use?
7-8 times more expensive
What is critical in restoration projects involving stainless steel?
Thermal dilation coefficient
Why is the upfront premium paid for stainless steel in long-life buildings and civil works justified?
Because the longer life will return a net benefit to society
What is a characteristic of fire-resistant cast steel alloys?
They retain a little over two-thirds of their service strength at higher temperatures
What is a consideration in the use of stainless steel in urban design?
Finishing and restoration
Why is stainless steel used in façades and windows?
Because it has high corrosion resistance
What is the primary benefit of using stainless steel in long-life buildings and civil works?
Durability above other criteria
What is the key characteristic of metallic bonds?
The sharing of valence electrons among several contiguous atoms
What is the primary characteristic of metals that makes them suitable for building materials?
Their strength and durability
What type of elements are typically found in metallic compounds?
Metallic elements
What is the result of the delocalization of electrons in metallic bonds?
The creation of a strong bond
What is the primary advantage of using metallic materials in building construction?
Their high strength and durability
What is the characteristic of metallic bonds that allows them to be strong and durable?
The sharing of valence electrons among several contiguous atoms
What is the primary reason why metals are used in building materials?
Their strength and durability
What is the result of the formation of metallic bonds?
The formation of a strong bond
What is the main characteristic of the metal foam interlayer?
High strength to weight ratio
What is the primary component of the cellular structure of aluminum foam?
Aluminum matrix
What is the purpose of the rotor in the production of aluminum foam?
To mix the aluminum melt with gas
What is the advantage of using aluminum foam in internal wall applications?
High strength to weight ratio and rigidity
What is the format availability of aluminum foam?
Sheets and tubes
What is the role of the conveyor belt in the production of aluminum foam?
To transport the foam sheet
What is the purpose of the propeller in the production of aluminum foam?
To mix the aluminum melt with gas
What is the characteristic of the aluminum foam that makes it suitable for esthetical applications?
Unique cellular structure and customizability
What is the role of the gas input in the production of aluminum foam?
To create a cellular structure with gas-filled pores
What is the advantage of using plaster in combination with aluminum foam?
High strength to weight ratio and rigidity
What is a characteristic of titanium that makes it suitable for high-performance applications?
Low thermal expansion coefficient
Which of the following metals is known for its exceptionally corrosion-resistant properties?
Titanium
What is a common application of titanium in building construction?
Cladding
Which metal is nowadays forbidden due to environmental concerns?
Lead
What is a characteristic of titanium that allows it to be used in aerospace applications?
Lightweight (low density)
Which architectural feature is associated with Renzo Piano?
Auditorio Roma
What is a characteristic of titanium that makes it suitable for electrochemical coloring?
Non-magnetic properties
Which metal is commonly used in the automotive industry?
Ultralight Metals
What is a characteristic of copper that raises environmental concerns?
Copper release
Which metal is a component of bronze?
Tin
Study Notes
Metals
- Metals are inorganic compounds made of metallic elements (e.g., Fe, Cu, Al).
- Metallic bonds involve the sharing of valence electrons among several contiguous atoms.
- Alloying is used to affect bulk material properties, such as stiffness, tensile strength, and toughness.
Copper and Copper Alloys
- Copper has high corrosion resistance, making it useful for urban design, finishing, and restoration.
- Copper is 7-8 times more expensive than steel for general use.
- AISI 316 is a type of stainless steel suitable for use in marine or highly aggressive atmospheres.
Stainless Steel
- Stainless steel has a strong bond, with sharing of valence electrons among several contiguous atoms.
- Thermal treatments, such as work hardening through cold plastic deformation, can alter the chemical composition of the surface.
- Addition of alloy elements can affect bulk material properties.
Restoration
- Thermal dilation coefficient is critical in restoration.
- San Francesco is an example of a restoration project.
Stainless Steel for Long-Life Buildings and Civil Structures
- Long-life buildings and civil works value durability above other criteria.
- Fire-resistant cast steel alloys retain a greater proportion of their service strength at higher temperatures.
- Copper release can be an environmental issue in long-life buildings.
Titanium
- Titanium is exceptionally corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and has high mechanical resistance and toughness.
- It has a low thermal expansion coefficient and can be electrochemically colored.
- Titanium is used in aerospace and high-performance applications, as well as in building cladding.
Other Non-Ferrous Metals
- Tin is a component of bronze and has become highly useful.
- Emergent metals are being developed at a rapid rate, with applications in the automotive industry.
- Ultralight metals, such as aluminum foam, are used for their high strength-to-weight ratio.
Aluminum Foam
- Aluminum foam is a cellular structure made up of aluminum containing a large volume fraction of gas-filled pores.
- It is used for its esthetic properties, format availability, and high strength-to-weight ratio.
Test your knowledge of metals and materials with this quiz, covering their properties and uses.
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