Questions and Answers
Which properties are characteristic of metalloids?
Which property do metalloids share with nonmetals?
Which property do metalloids share with nonmetals?
Where should Brenda place the property of forming basic compounds in her notes?
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Where should Franklin place the property of semiconductors in his notes?
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Which statements describe properties that are unique to metalloids? Check all that apply.
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Which groups on the periodic table contain metalloids?
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Which element in period 3 on the periodic table is a metalloid?
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How do the group number and the period number relate for metalloids on the periodic table?
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Based on their locations on the periodic table, how do the properties of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) compare?
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Which lists only metalloids?
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Which elements are metalloids? Check all that apply.
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The metalloid that has three valence electrons is:
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The metalloid that has five valence electrons in the fourth electron shell is:
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How do the number of valence electrons in atoms of metalloids explain why they are semiconductors?
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Describe the electron shell in which the valence electrons of a metalloid are located if it has 6 valence electrons.
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Which lists the elements in order from most conductive to least conductive?
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Which lists the elements in order from least conductive to most conductive?
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What material is most likely used in solar panels, and why?
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Why might an engineer want to use a metalloid when designing a new computer processor?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Metalloids
- Metalloids exhibit intermediate conductivity and possess high melting points.
- They are brittle, sharing this property with nonmetals.
- Metalloids can react to form acidic compounds, also a property of nonmetals.
- Some metalloids are capable of reacting to form basic compounds, thus they should be noted alongside metals.
Semiconductor Properties
- Metalloids are primarily utilized in semiconductors, a property recognized exclusively in this group.
- These elements have 3 to 6 valence electrons, allowing them to lose or gain electrons, essential for semiconductor functionality.
- Silicon (Si) is the metalloid located in period 3 of the periodic table.
Valence Electrons and Behavior
- Boron has three valence electrons, while arsenic possesses five valence electrons in its fourth electron shell.
- Electrons are more easily gained in smaller electron shells, facilitating semiconductor applications.
Periodic Table Groups and Locations
- Metalloids are found in groups 13-16 of the periodic table.
- Their placement forms a diagonal line moving down from left to right, correlating lower group numbers with lower period numbers.
Comparisons and Conductivity
- Arsenic (As) displays more nonmetallic behavior than antimony (Sb) due to having fewer electron shells.
- Conductivity varies among elements: potassium (K) is the most conductive, followed by germanium (Ge) and selenium (Se).
- In contrast, nitrogen (N) has the least conductivity, followed by antimony (Sb), and then bismuth (Bi).
Applications in Technology
- Solar panels utilize metalloids for their semiconductor properties, enhancing conductivity with increased light exposure.
- Engineers prefer metalloids for computer processors to ensure controlled electric current regulation.
Identifying Metalloids
- Key metalloids include boron (B), germanium (Ge), tellurium (Te), silicon (Si), polonium (Po), and antimony (Sb).
- A specific grouping can identify only metalloids and their unique properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of metalloids with this informative quiz. Discover the unique properties that set these elements apart from metals and nonmetals. See how well you understand their conductivity, brittleness, and reactivity.
