Metal Microstructure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used for the process in which metal solidifies into many small crystals rather than a single crystal?

  • Homogeneous solidification
  • Microcrystalline formation
  • Nucleation spread
  • Heterogeneous nucleation (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes the effects of rapid solidification on grain size?

  • It leads to coarse and irregular grains.
  • It has no effect on grain size.
  • It produces a larger grain size.
  • It typically leads to a finer grain size. (correct)
  • What are the imperfections in the crystal structure of metals called that occur due to the interaction of grains?

  • Phase boundaries
  • Crystal defects
  • Grain boundaries (correct)
  • Atomic voids
  • What is the primary method by which the microstructure of a metal can be visually examined?

    <p>Optical microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In wrought processes, what is the predominant characteristic of the grain structure of deformed metals?

    <p>Elongated grains aligned in the direction of deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using etchants when examining metal microstructures?

    <p>To attack regions of high stress and reveal grain boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alloys preferred over pure metals in practical applications?

    <p>Alloys can be tailored to improve specific properties such as strength and corrosion resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences the variation in properties of metals at the microstructural level?

    <p>The presence of grain boundaries and atomic arrangement irregularities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum copper solubility in silver as indicated in the Ag-Cu system phase diagram?

    <p>8.8 wt% at 780°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the eutectic point in the Ag-Cu system?

    <p>It is a point where three phases are in equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs at 723°C in the Fe-Cu system phase diagram?

    <p>Eutectoid transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During rapid cooling of alloys, what is likely to happen to the phase with the highest melting temperature?

    <p>It will solidify first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature is commonly observed in the final solid structure due to non-equilibrium conditions?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does compositional segregation refer to in the context of alloy solidification?

    <p>Non-uniform composition in the final structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about phase diagrams is correct?

    <p>They show equilibrium conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of phase involves a mixture of more than one metallic element?

    <p>Alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes equiaxed grain structures?

    <p>Grains equal in all dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately defines solidification?

    <p>The transformation from liquid to solid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of alloys, what is true about a binary alloy?

    <p>Contains two metallic elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grain structure is characterized by its elongation along a specific direction?

    <p>Radial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the freezing diagram illustrate?

    <p>The changes from liquid to solid substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of grain structure?

    <p>Heterogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does etching have on a metal's surface as shown in the figures?

    <p>It affects the reflection of incident light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do grain structures change during solidification?

    <p>They depend on the solidification conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about intermetallic compounds in relation to phases?

    <p>They are defined as structurally homogeneous regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the solidification process of pure metals compared to alloys?

    <p>Pure metals have a defined melting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the copper-nickel system, what does the phase diagram allow you to determine?

    <p>The solid and liquid phases for specific compositions and temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature is defined as the liquidus in the cooling curve of alloys?

    <p>The temperature where solid begins to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What thermodynamic concept is reflected in both the cooling curves and the phase diagrams?

    <p>Latent heat of fusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why copper and silver exhibit partial solid solubility in each other?

    <p>Their atomic sizes differ significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic difference between the solidus and liquidus in alloy cooling curves?

    <p>The solidus is the temperature where the last liquid solidifies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do alloys solidify over a range of temperatures rather than at a single temperature like pure metals?

    <p>The presence of different sized atoms causes a range of solidification temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to latent heat during the phase transition from liquid to solid?

    <p>It is released to the surrounding environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a mixture of 50Cu 50Ni at 1300°C primarily consist of?

    <p>A copper-rich liquid and a nickel-rich solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true for a substitutional solid solution to form?

    <p>The atoms must have similar valencies and the same crystal structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an interstitial solid solution, what is a requirement for the solute atom's size relative to the solvent atom?

    <p>It must be less than 60% of the solvent atom's diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an intermetallic compound?

    <p>Silver-tin alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a binary phase diagram represent?

    <p>The phases present in an alloy at various temperatures and compositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solid solution can be described as atoms fitting into the spaces between solvent atoms?

    <p>Interstitial solid solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs can form a substitutional solid solution?

    <p>Gold and copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the atomic diameters of gold (Au) and copper (Cu)?

    <p>They both have the same crystal structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the atomic sizes of metals that can form substitutional solid solutions?

    <p>They must be within 15% of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal is widely known to form interstitial solid solutions when combined with iron?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT required for forming a substitutional solid solution?

    <p>Hisotropic atomic shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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