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Questions and Answers
Which of the following metals is extracted by electrolysis of molten Al2O3?
Which of the following metals is extracted by electrolysis of molten Al2O3?
- Gold
- Aluminium (correct)
- Iron
- Copper
Gold is one of the unreactive metals that can occur freely in nature.
Gold is one of the unreactive metals that can occur freely in nature.
True (A)
What is the first step in the extraction process of metals?
What is the first step in the extraction process of metals?
Ore concentration
The process used to extract potassium and sodium involves __________.
The process used to extract potassium and sodium involves __________.
Match the following metals with their extraction methods:
Match the following metals with their extraction methods:
What is produced as a byproduct in the extraction of Iron using coke?
What is produced as a byproduct in the extraction of Iron using coke?
Electrolysis is the cheapest method for extracting metals.
Electrolysis is the cheapest method for extracting metals.
Name one unreactive metal that can occur freely in nature.
Name one unreactive metal that can occur freely in nature.
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Study Notes
Metal Extraction
- Some metals occur freely in nature (e.g., Silver, Gold, Platinum)
- Most metals react with other elements to form ores
- Ore Concentration
- Ores are purified and concentrated
- Unwanted rocks are removed
- Reduction to Crude Metal
- Metal oxides are reduced to metals
- This results in a mixture of metals
- Refining to Obtain Pure Metal
- Purification and removal of unwanted metal impurities is needed to obtain a specific metal
Extraction Methods
- The method of extraction depends on the metal's position in the reactivity series
- Highly Reactive Metals (top of reactivity series):
- Strong bonds in their compounds
- Extracted by electrolysis of their compounds – an expensive process
- Example: Aluminium extracted from Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) by passing electric current through it
- Chemical equation: 2Al₂O₃ → 4Al + 3O₂
Extraction Methods by Reactivity
- Electrolysis of Molten Chlorides
- Potassium (K)
- Sodium (Na)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Electrolysis of Molten Al₂O₃ (dissolved in cryolite)
- Aluminium (Al)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Reduction of Oxides using Carbon
- Iron (Fe)
- Tin (Sn)
- Lead (Pb)
- Copper (Cu)
- Roasting Ore by Heating
- Mercury (Hg)
- Silver (Ag)
- Gold (Au)
- Platinum (Pt)
Extraction of Iron
-
Raw Materials:
- Iron Ore (e.g., Haematite ore [iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃])
- Coke (carbon, C)
- Hot Air (for the Oâ‚‚ in it)
- Limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)
-
Stage 1 – Production of Carbon Dioxide:
- Coke is ignited with hot air
- This produces carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) and heat, which is used to melt the iron ore
- Chemical equation: C + O₂ → CO₂
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