Metal-Ceramic Prostheses Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary components of conventional dental porcelain?

  • Soda feldspar and calcium carbonate
  • Silica and potash feldspar (correct)
  • Alumina and clay
  • Silica and zirconium oxide

What is the purpose of adding pigments to dental porcelain?

  • To produce hues similar to natural teeth (correct)
  • To enhance strength
  • To improve thermal conductivity
  • To increase melting points

Which component is NOT typically added to dental porcelain to modify its properties?

  • Glass modifiers
  • Zinc oxide (correct)
  • Opacifiers
  • Feldspar

What is the result of heating the mixture used in dental porcelain to a molten state?

<p>It reacts chemically to create frit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to control the sintering temperature of dental porcelain?

<p>Feldspar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the addition of opacifiers affect dental porcelain?

<p>Modifies transparency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of quenching the molten ceramic mixture in water?

<p>To cool and solidify it quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that feldspar used in dental porcelain is typically colorless?

<p>It requires pigments for coloration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dental porcelain, what does the term 'frit' refer to?

<p>The intermediate product after firing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does silica play in the composition of dental porcelain?

<p>It serves as the primary network formulator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main advantages of metal-ceramic (MC) restorations?

<p>Lower fracture rate compared to full ceramic crowns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a concern with a dark line at the facial margin of an MC crown?

<p>It is associated with aesthetic issues during gingival recession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of using MC crowns?

<p>Potential for metal allergy reactions, particularly with nickel alloys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the high survival percentage of MC prostheses?

<p>The use of high noble alloys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the design choice of an MC crown to minimize aesthetic concerns?

<p>Thickness of the metal collar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are MC crowns less commonly used?

<p>In anterior restorations seeking high aesthetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fracture rate of MC crowns and bridges made from high noble alloy after 7.5 years?

<p>Less than 2.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication for the use of MC crowns?

<p>They are effective for multiunit or posterior fixed dental prostheses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can wear of antagonist enamel be compared when using MC crowns versus all-ceramic crowns?

<p>MC crowns generally cause less wear of antagonist enamel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will enhance aesthetic results of MC crowns?

<p>Implementing a polished ceramic margin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dental Porcelain

A ceramic material used in dentistry, primarily composed of silica and feldspars.

Silica (SiO2)

A chemical compound that forms the backbone of dental porcelain, providing strength and structure.

Feldspar

A type of mineral found in porcelain, contributing to its melting point and overall properties.

Ternary-Phase Diagram

A visual tool representing the possible compositions of porcelain, showing the proportions of silica, feldspar, and other components.

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Fusing

A process where a mixture of porcelain components is heated to a molten state, then rapidly cooled.

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Frit

A ground-up powder resulting from the fusing process, ready to be used for making dental restorations.

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Pigments

Substances added to porcelain to create specific shades and colours, mimicking natural teeth.

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Opacifiers and Glass Modifiers

Substances added to control the melting point, sintering process, and other properties of porcelain.

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Sintering

A process where particles in a powdered material (like frit) bond together at a high temperature, creating a solid structure.

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Coefficient of Thermal Contraction

A measure of how much a material expands or contracts with temperature changes. This is important for ensuring a good fit of porcelain restorations.

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Metal-Ceramic (MC) Restoration

A type of dental restoration made by fusing porcelain to a metal substructure, providing strength and durability.

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Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM)

The most common term used to describe MC restorations, referring to the process of bonding porcelain to a metal base.

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Resistance to Fracture

A major advantage of MC restorations, offering excellent resistance to breakage, making them suitable for areas with high chewing forces.

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Metal Margin/Collar

The dark line visible at the gum line of an MC crown, often caused by metal showing through as the gum recedes.

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Metal Allergy

A potential disadvantage of MC restorations, although rare, it can occur with certain metal alloys, particularly those containing nickel.

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Ceramic Margin

The use of ceramic materials along the gum line to avoid the aesthetic issue of a metal margin.

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Opaque Shoulder Porcelain

A type of ceramic margin used to cover a thin metal edge, providing a more aesthetic appearance.

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Bonding of Ceramic to Metal

The process of bonding ceramic to the metal substructure, creating a strong and durable bond.

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Metal Components

Materials used for the metal component of MC restorations, requiring specific properties like biocompatibility and strength.

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Categories of Ceramics

Different categories of ceramic materials used for MC restorations, each offering various properties like strength, aesthetics, and translucency.

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Study Notes

Metal-Ceramic (MC) Prostheses

  • MC prostheses, also known as Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM), show high overall survival rates in clinical studies. MC is the international standard.
  • Fracture rate of MC crowns and bridges made from high noble alloy is low (2.3%) after 7.5 years. Resistance to fracture is a key advantage.
  • Using metal on occlusal surfaces can reduce fracture rates further in posterior restorations.
  • MC restorations can require less tooth structure removal than all-ceramic restorations, especially when facial and buccal surfaces are porcelain and lingual and occlusal surfaces are metal, minimizing enamel wear on opposing teeth.
  • Dark lines at the facial margin of MC restorations are a concern with gingival recession.
  • Minimizing this issue involves ceramic margins (or very thin knife-edge metal margins veneered with opaque shoulder porcelain). Polishing/glazing is necessary.
  • Potential for metal allergies (rare, except possibly with nickel-based alloys) is a significant concern though less prominent in anterior areas.
  • All-ceramic crowns have improved in appearance, leading to MC crowns' decreased popularity in anterior restorations.
  • Indications are patient dependent, with dentist preference and occlusion playing a role. MC is more common in multi-unit or posterior fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).

Ceramic Types in MC

  • Conventional dental porcelain is a vitreous ceramic with a silica network and feldspar (potash or soda).
  • Ternary phase diagrams (e.g., K2O-Al2O3-SiO2) define the composition ranges for feldspathic porcelain, the most common MC ceramic type.
  • Dental feldspars are pure and colorless; pigments are added to achieve natural tooth shades.
  • Opacifiers and glass modifiers are included to control parameters like fusion/sintering temperature, thermal contraction, and solubility.
  • These ingredients are combined, heated (melted), cooled, and ground into fine powder (called frit).

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