82 Questions
What is the primary focus of the literate action described in the book?
Socially situated constructive acts
What role do strategies or heuristics play in the art of rhetoric?
They are considered central to the art of rhetoric
What is the significance of the freshman's discovery in the Reading-to-Write project?
It highlights the importance of metacognition in learning
What is the relationship between goals and cognition according to the text?
Cognition is driven by goals
What is the primary question raised about metacognition in the text?
Is metacognition really necessary to learning or meaning making?
What is the purpose of the think-aloud protocol in the Reading-to-Write project?
To facilitate the freshman's reflection on her own thinking
What is the primary concern regarding acts of reflection in the classroom?
That they may not be a robust occasion for learning
What is the distinction between metacognition and awareness?
Metacognition is the process of thinking about thinking, while awareness is the result of that process
What is the purpose of reflection in the collaborative planning study?
To identify problems and pose alternatives
What is the difference between the two levels of metaknowing?
One is in-process, while the other is reflective
What is the role of metacognition in reading?
To monitor and control comprehension
What is the characteristic of experienced readers and writers in terms of metacognition?
They make different metacognitive moves
What is the author's stance on the concept of reflection?
The author is committed to the possibilities of reflection
What is the distinction between reflection and awareness in the context of the collaborative planning study?
Reflection is a side effect of collaboration, while awareness is the result of an intentional act
What is the relationship between metacognition and control strategies?
Metacognition monitors and controls cognition
What is the significance of the anecdote about Dick Hayes in the text?
It demonstrates the fleeting nature of awareness
What is the primary characteristic of statable metacognition?
It involves the ability to verbalize one's knowledge and thinking processes
What is the limitation of 'knowledge of pertinent facts' in metacognition?
It is often inaccurate and demonstrates a lack of self-awareness
What is the significance of think-aloud protocols in metacognition research?
They show the ability to recognize and access one's strategies
What is the 'classic problem of learning' according to A.Brown?
Getting access to what you know
What is the hallmark of higher intelligence according to A.Brown?
The ability to access and control one's knowledge
What is the role of self-talk in metacognition according to Vygotsky?
It helps to improve learning and transfer
What is the limitation of 'naive theories' in metacognition?
They are often inaccurate and do not describe real performance
What is the significance of metadata in metacognition?
It is not relevant to metacognition
What is the relationship between metacognition and flexibility in learning?
Metacognition is a prerequisite for flexibility in learning
What is the significance of 'inert knowledge' in metacognition?
It is a type of knowledge that students can produce on request but have never learned to access
What is the primary issue with the epistemological status of reflection and verbal reports in the humanities?
It is not considered a significant part of what students do or how they learn.
What is the primary criticism of introspectionist enterprise in psychology?
It assumes that people can accurately report on elementary mental processes.
What is the primary concern with gaining insight in clinical psychology?
It is often unaccompanied by changes in behavior.
What is the primary distinction between cognitive psychology and other approaches?
It places thought at the center of its inquiry.
What is the primary limitation of access to our own thinking?
It is limited in some predictable ways, including automation and tacit knowledge.
What is the primary concern with the relationship between knowing and verbal reports?
It is not well understood due to the limitations of introspection.
What is the primary difference between cognitive psychology and behaviorism?
Cognitive psychology places thought at the center of its inquiry.
What is the primary role of verbal reports in cognitive psychology?
They are an articulated, structured, and linguistically coded representation of knowledge.
What is the primary issue with the concept of self-awareness in clinical psychology?
It is often unaccompanied by changes in behavior.
What is the primary distinction between cognitive psychology and psychoanalytic inquiry?
Cognitive psychology attempts to open the black box of thought processes.
What is the primary limitation of people's access to their own cognition?
Their selective reporting of information
What is the main argument of Ericsson and Simon's theory?
That verbalizing thinking can provide a better window on cognition
What is the primary difference between declarative knowledge and metacognitive functions?
Declarative knowledge is self-contained, while metacognitive functions are not
What is the role of metacognition in sophisticated systems, according to A. Brown?
It is a necessity for sophisticated systems
What is the significance of awareness in the acquisition of control strategies?
It is a crucial step in the initial stages of learning
What is the primary difference between metacognitive functions and automated processes?
Metacognitive functions require full concentration, while automated processes do not
What is the significance of verbal reports in the study of cognition?
They are subject to interpretive distortion
What is the relationship between metacognition and problem-solving?
Metacognition is a precursor to problem-solving
What is the primary role of reflection in the construction of negotiated meaning?
It shapes the ways we construct ourselves as writers
What is the significance of retrospective reports in the study of cognition?
They are less prone to interpretive distortion than broad generalizations
When reflection is self-motivated and incidental, its value would probably be?
Unquestioned
Reflection is not a mimetic act but rather a(n)?
Historically shaped discourse practice
Which educational significance of reflective practice does the author encourage readers to treat as an open question?
Role in course content and writing practices
In the context of literate action and liberating education, what do Hull and Rose refer to as a revelation and generative structure for underprepared students?
Five-paragraph theme
What do some black teachers assert that their students need instead of a place to express their voices?
Convention of Standard English
Which literary form is mentioned as being shaped by practices of religious self-examination and psychotherapy?
The autobiography
What do Newmann and Rousseau, among others, contribute to the tradition of reflection through their writings?
Philosophical pensees
Which concept does Freire advocate through action/reflection for creating critical consciousness?
Critical consciousness
What is the main emphasis when the text mentions reflection's value as an open question?
Accountability
Who argues that the liberal, white 'process' teachers often fail to listen to black teachers regarding the educational needs of their students?
Delpit
What is the main focus of problem-solving pedagogies in math, physics, design, reading, and writing, based on the text?
Expanding students' awareness of strategies
In the context of Brown and Palincsar's reciprocal teaching, what are young readers explicitly helped to do in a collaborative effort to understand the text?
Articulate control strategies through questions and prompts
What distinguishes 'direct instruction,' as mentioned in the text, from 'blind training'?
Explicit sharing of learning goals
What key aspect is highlighted as missing in 'blind training' in the context of promoting learning or performance?
Sharing of instructional goals with students
What is criticized by Applebee as a familiar form of blind training in writing instruction, as per the text?
Activities not anchored to a goal-directed process
What key element distinguishes 'blind training' in general from the 'direct instruction' approach discussed in the text?
Explicit sharing of learning strategies
According to Ericsson and Simon's theory, under which condition do people not have access to their own cognition?
When asked to predict how they would think in a hypothetical situation
What is one of the conditions that Ericsson and Simon's theory describes where verbal reports are not reliable?
When people report processes they do not use
How does Paris's conception of metacognition differ from many other definitions?
It focuses on teachable and measurable statements about cognition
What distinguishes statements about metacognition according to Paris's conception?
They are limited to knowledge and strategies that can be shared
What does the text suggest educators should approach metacognition with?
Open eyes
What is emphasized in Paris's approach to metacognition?
Reflective statements that relate to actionable knowledge
Which author proposes a theory that focuses on verbal reports and conditions where individuals lack access to their own cognition?
Ericsson and Simon
What is one solution proposed to address metacognitive limitations?
Limit the discussion of metacognition to reflective statements
What is one observable difference between statements based on Paris's approach and generalizations?
Teachability and measurability
What aspect of metacognitive perceptions does Paris's conception incorporate according to the text?
Attitudinal and motivational beliefs about cognition
What is the main difference between literate practice gleaned from students' observation-based self-reflections and students' conventional self-accounts according to the text?
Literate practice involves a higher level of articulation and is based on self-observations and actions.
Which feature is considered an essential element of self-regulated learning techniques mentioned in the passage?
Modeling multiple strategies
What characterizes a complex act of metacognition when reflected at a reflective level in the text?
It requires a heightened awareness and the need for a language to evaluate and manipulate knowledge.
What is essential to helping students recognize the link between outcomes and their strategies according to A.Brown?
Monitoring their own thinking through self-talk or group discussions
How does reflecting on discourse conventions differ from reflecting on ideology according to the text?
Discourse conventions are context-specific, while ideology is more general.
How does literate practice derived from students' self-observations differ from other forms of metacognition mentioned in the passage?
It is derived from students' data-based self-observations rather than generalizations or retrospections.
What distinguishes literate practice as a situated theory according to Flower et al. (1993)?
It generates an elaborated understanding of an issue based on systematic, not incidental observation.
What is the key difference between reflecting for coherence and evidence and reflecting about assumptions and values according to the text?
Reflecting for coherence and evidence is objective, while reflecting on assumptions and values is subjective.
How does self-observation differ from naive theories or retrospections when developing metacognition?
Self-observation is based on objective data rather than general theories or post-hoc reflections.
What does a student writer do when reflecting on state of topic knowledge according to the text?
Reflects on the discourse conventions and management of own thinking.
Test your understanding of metacognition in writing and the importance of strategic knowledge for writers. Explore how writers construct meanings through interpretation, negotiation, and reflection based on their goals and awareness.
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