Metabolism Module Week 3: Galactosemia Case Discussion
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Questions and Answers

What was the initial symptom shown by Susan after birth?

  • Vomiting (correct)
  • Jaundice
  • Diarrhoea
  • Weight loss

What was found in Susan's urine?

  • Amino acids
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Protein
  • Lactose

What was noticed in the lenses of Susan's eyes on the 10th day?

  • Cataracts (correct)
  • Redness
  • Blurry vision
  • Watery eyes

What led to the diagnosis of Galactosaemia for Susan?

<p>Positive test for galactose in urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened after Susan was put on a low-lactose diet?

<p>Vomiting and diarrhoea stopped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found to be raised in Susan's blood?

<p>Total sugar concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Galactosaemia mean?

<p>It is a condition caused by a deficiency of enzymes needed for galactose metabolism, leading to potential health issues if not managed properly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On what evidence was the diagnosis of Galactosaemia made?

<p>Elevated blood sugar, presence of galactose in urine, and other symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue/organ is responsible for the major part of galactose metabolism in humans?

<p>The liver is the primary organ responsible for the major part of galactose metabolism in humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 enzymes are involved in the initial stages of galactose metabolism?

<p>Galactokinase, Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are these enzymes normally present in red blood cells?

<p>No, they are typically not present in significant amounts in red blood cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these enzymes could be missing in Susan?

<p>Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could you determine which enzyme is missing or defective in Susan?

<p>By conducting tests to measure the activity of each enzyme involved in galactose metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is galactose a normal constituent of urine?

<p>No, under normal circumstances, galactose is not a typical constituent of urine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the metabolic consequences of an absence of galactose 1-P uridyl transferase?

<p>Buildup of harmful substances like galactose-1-phosphate, leading to cell damage and affecting energy production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is galactitol and how is it formed?

<p>Galactitol is a sugar alcohol formed from the reduction of glucose by aldose reductase using galactose as a substrate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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