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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of catabolism?
What is the definition of catabolism?
Where does the citric acid cycle primarily take place?
Where does the citric acid cycle primarily take place?
Which enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in digestion?
Which enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in digestion?
What is the result of the breakdown of triacylglycerols by lipases in the small intestines?
What is the result of the breakdown of triacylglycerols by lipases in the small intestines?
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In which type of pathway do consecutive reactions generate a final product different from any of the reactants?
In which type of pathway do consecutive reactions generate a final product different from any of the reactants?
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What happens during anabolism?
What happens during anabolism?
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Study Notes
Metabolism Overview
- Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
Catabolism and Anabolism
- Catabolism: breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.
- Anabolism: synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones, absorbing energy.
Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolic pathways are series of consecutive reactions, either linear or cyclic.
- Linear pathway: generates a final product different from any of the reactants.
- Cyclic pathway: regenerates the first reaction.
Catabolism of Food
- Begins with digestion, catalyzed by enzymes in saliva, stomach, and small intestines.
- Carbohydrates:
- Hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by amylase enzymes in saliva and small intestine.
- Protein:
- Digestion begins with stomach acid denaturing protein, followed by pepsin cleaving protein backbone into peptides.
- In small intestine, trypsin and chymotrypsin cleave peptides into amino acids.
- Triacylglycerols:
- Emulsified by bile secreted by liver, then hydrolyzed by lipases in small intestine into 3 fatty acids and a glycerol backbone.
Cellular Respiration
- Monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids are degraded into acetyl groups.
- Acetyl groups bond to coenzyme A, forming acetyl-CoA.
- Acetyl-CoA is oxidized to CO2 in the mitochondria through the citric acid cycle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, and metabolic pathways. Learn about the processes of breaking down and synthesizing molecules in organisms.
