Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes the application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to metabolic processes?
Which statement best describes the application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to metabolic processes?
- Energy is continuously lost as heat, requiring a constant input of new energy to maintain bodily functions.
- The body transforms energy from one form to another, such as converting chemical energy from food into mechanical energy for movement, without creating or destroying it. (correct)
- The body can eliminate excess energy to prevent accumulation, thus bypassing the constraints of energy conservation.
- The body constantly creates energy to fuel its functions, ensuring no energy deficit occurs during intense activity.
If a snack contains 10g of carbohydrates, 5g of fat, and 2g of protein, approximately how many total kilocalories does the snack provide?
If a snack contains 10g of carbohydrates, 5g of fat, and 2g of protein, approximately how many total kilocalories does the snack provide?
- Approximately 120 kcal
- Approximately 95 kcal (correct)
- Approximately 63 kcal
- Approximately 50 kcal
During a sprint, creatine kinase catalyzes the reaction PCr + ADP → Cr + ATP. Which of the following best describes this reaction in terms of energy transfer?
During a sprint, creatine kinase catalyzes the reaction PCr + ADP → Cr + ATP. Which of the following best describes this reaction in terms of energy transfer?
- Catabolic; it breaks down ATP to release energy.
- Anabolic; it synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones.
- Endergonic; it requires energy input to create ATP.
- Exergonic; it releases energy as ATP is produced. (correct)
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of bioenergetics?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of bioenergetics?
In the context of metabolism, what is the primary role of coupled reactions?
In the context of metabolism, what is the primary role of coupled reactions?
During long duration, low intensity exercise, the body relies more on fat as a fuel source. In this context, what is the net average caloric value (kcal per gram) that fat provides compared to carbohydrates or proteins?
During long duration, low intensity exercise, the body relies more on fat as a fuel source. In this context, what is the net average caloric value (kcal per gram) that fat provides compared to carbohydrates or proteins?
Which of the following reactions exemplifies an anabolic process?
Which of the following reactions exemplifies an anabolic process?
In a scenario where an individual performs a high-intensity exercise, which metabolic process is immediately activated to produce energy to continue the exercise?
In a scenario where an individual performs a high-intensity exercise, which metabolic process is immediately activated to produce energy to continue the exercise?
Flashcards
1st Law of Thermodynamics
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Energy
Energy
The ability to perform work.
Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics
The flow of energy in a biological system, involving macronutrient conversion.
Endergonic Reactions
Endergonic Reactions
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Exergonic Reactions
Exergonic Reactions
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Coupled Reactions
Coupled Reactions
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Anabolic Processes
Anabolic Processes
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Catabolic Processes
Catabolic Processes
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Study Notes
- Metabolism & Energy Transfer is the topic
First Law of Thermodynamics
- Energy is conserved
- Energy transforms from one form to another undepleted
- The body transforms energy from one form into another during physiologic system changes
- The body neither produces, consumes, nor uses energy.
Metabolism Terminology
- Energy facilitates work
- Bioenergetics describes energy flow in biological systems
- Bioenergetics converts macronutrients into biological energy forms
- Endergonic reactions store or absorb energy, including anabolic processes
- Exergonic reactions release energy and are typically catabolic
- Coupled reactions use free energy from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions
Anabolic vs. Catabolic Processes
- Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules
- Anabolism is the buildup of molecules
Energy Yielding Macronutrients
- Carbohydrates net ~4 kcal per gram
- Fats net ~9 kcal per gram
- Proteins net ~4 kcal per gram
- Calories in food perform work and produce heat
- Kilocalories may not be absorbed/stored completely
Types of Work
- Chemical
- Mechanical
- Transport
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Description
This lesson covers the fundamental principles of metabolism and energy transfer within biological systems. Key concepts include the laws of thermodynamics, bioenergetics, and the distinction between anabolic and catabolic processes. It also describes the energy yields from macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
