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Questions and Answers
What does HOMA-IR stand for?
What does HOMA-IR stand for?
Which measure is indicated to be less informative regarding cardiovascular risk among obese individuals?
Which measure is indicated to be less informative regarding cardiovascular risk among obese individuals?
What was noted about the association between BMI and waist circumference?
What was noted about the association between BMI and waist circumference?
Why is waist circumference alone considered insufficient?
Why is waist circumference alone considered insufficient?
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How is insulin resistance estimated in this study?
How is insulin resistance estimated in this study?
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What aspect shows large variation among obese individuals at a given BMI?
What aspect shows large variation among obese individuals at a given BMI?
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Which demographic factor can influence obesity outcomes as per the research context provided?
Which demographic factor can influence obesity outcomes as per the research context provided?
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What is a key limitation of using waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio alone?
What is a key limitation of using waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio alone?
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What metabolic factor might help characterize metabolically healthy obesity?
What metabolic factor might help characterize metabolically healthy obesity?
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Which statement about total mortality rates in relation to obesity is generally observed?
Which statement about total mortality rates in relation to obesity is generally observed?
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What effect does alcohol consumption generally have on obesity?
What effect does alcohol consumption generally have on obesity?
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What is the significance of HOMA-IR in the context of obesity?
What is the significance of HOMA-IR in the context of obesity?
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What is a common misconception regarding ethnicity and obesity?
What is a common misconception regarding ethnicity and obesity?
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What is the relationship between insulin resistance and BMI according to the evidence?
What is the relationship between insulin resistance and BMI according to the evidence?
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Why is waist circumference considered more informative than BMI regarding metabolic health?
Why is waist circumference considered more informative than BMI regarding metabolic health?
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What does HOMA-IR assess?
What does HOMA-IR assess?
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How does waist-to-hip ratio compare with waist circumference in terms of association with BMI?
How does waist-to-hip ratio compare with waist circumference in terms of association with BMI?
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What is a significant characteristic of the metabolic profile of some obese individuals?
What is a significant characteristic of the metabolic profile of some obese individuals?
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What aspect of obesity does the summary highlight as being variably defined across studies?
What aspect of obesity does the summary highlight as being variably defined across studies?
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What only shows a larger variation when compared to waist circumference among obese individuals?
What only shows a larger variation when compared to waist circumference among obese individuals?
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What does the evidence summarize regarding mortality in obese individuals?
What does the evidence summarize regarding mortality in obese individuals?
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Which measurement method is used to assess insulin resistance?
Which measurement method is used to assess insulin resistance?
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What is a potential consequence of characterizing obesity solely by BMI?
What is a potential consequence of characterizing obesity solely by BMI?
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What is one of the key factors used to classify individuals as metabolically healthy or unhealthy?
What is one of the key factors used to classify individuals as metabolically healthy or unhealthy?
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What does HOMA-IR assess in relation to metabolic health?
What does HOMA-IR assess in relation to metabolic health?
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Which BMI range qualifies as obese according to the classification?
Which BMI range qualifies as obese according to the classification?
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What is a common characteristic of metabolically unhealthy obese individuals?
What is a common characteristic of metabolically unhealthy obese individuals?
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Which of the following can contribute to a lower risk of cardiovascular morbidity?
Which of the following can contribute to a lower risk of cardiovascular morbidity?
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What does the absence of abdominal obesity indicate in individuals assessed for metabolic health?
What does the absence of abdominal obesity indicate in individuals assessed for metabolic health?
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Which measurement is considered optimal for waist circumference to classify metabolic health?
Which measurement is considered optimal for waist circumference to classify metabolic health?
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Which of the following factors is excluded from the criteria for metabolically healthy individuals?
Which of the following factors is excluded from the criteria for metabolically healthy individuals?
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What is the main implication of having insulin resistance?
What is the main implication of having insulin resistance?
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How does ethnicity influence obesity and metabolic health?
How does ethnicity influence obesity and metabolic health?
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What is the significance of HOMA-IR in defining metabolic health?
What is the significance of HOMA-IR in defining metabolic health?
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How does ethnicity influence the relationship between obesity and total mortality rates?
How does ethnicity influence the relationship between obesity and total mortality rates?
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What role does alcohol consumption play in assessing mortality risks among obese individuals?
What role does alcohol consumption play in assessing mortality risks among obese individuals?
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What is the impact of high HOMA-IR levels on total mortality rates?
What is the impact of high HOMA-IR levels on total mortality rates?
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What does the term 'metabolically healthy obese' refer to?
What does the term 'metabolically healthy obese' refer to?
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In the study findings, which group had the highest mortality risk?
In the study findings, which group had the highest mortality risk?
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What aspect is often adjusted for in studies analyzing total mortality in obese individuals?
What aspect is often adjusted for in studies analyzing total mortality in obese individuals?
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Which measurement is typically used to define insulin resistance in studies?
Which measurement is typically used to define insulin resistance in studies?
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How is physical fitness categorized in studies mentioned?
How is physical fitness categorized in studies mentioned?
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What factor significantly influences the metabolic health of obese individuals?
What factor significantly influences the metabolic health of obese individuals?
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Study Notes
Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO)
- Waist Circumference is more informative than BMI regarding cardiometabolic risk and body fat distribution for obese individuals.
- HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is significantly correlated with BMI.
- Obese individuals with low HOMA-IR still exhibit variation in insulin resistance even with similar BMIs.
- Waist-to-hip ratio is weaker correlated to BMI than waist circumference.
- MHO needs additional anthropometric characterization beyond just BMI.
Criteria to Define MHO in Epidemiological Studies
- Lack of abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (men ≤102 cm, women ≤88 cm).
- Absence of metabolic syndrome components which includes normal blood pressure, lipid values, fasting glucose, and C-reactive protein levels.
- Insulin sensitivity based on HOMA-IR.
- High level of cardiorespiratory fitness.
MHO Studies
- Studies indicate high mortality risk in obese, unfit individuals compared to normal weight, fit individuals.
- Fitness is assessed through treadmill exercise tests and categorized by study-specific percentiles.
Studies Using Insulin Resistance for MHO definition
- HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 indicates insulin resistance (unhealthy metabolic phenotype).
- Studies focused on total mortality and cardiovascular mortality for obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals.
Studies Using Cardiorespiratory Fitness for MHO definition
- Metabolic equivalents during maximum treadmill exercise test was used to assess fitness.
Global Rise in Obesity and its Implications
- Worldwide increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers attributed to obesity epidemic.
- Obesity prevention and treatment is crucial to lower chronic disease risk at population and individual levels.
Key Focus Areas for Metabolically Healthy Obesity
- Smaller waist circumference.
- Increased physical fitness.
- Decreased insulin resistance.
- Low prevalence of metabolic risk factors despite high BMI.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO), focusing on key criteria and measurements such as waist circumference, HOMA-IR, and the absence of metabolic syndrome components. Understand the nuances of how these factors contribute to characterizing obesity beyond BMI. Ideal for students and professionals interested in epidemiology and health studies.
