Metabolic Pathways Quiz

A metabolic pathway is a series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate molecule or molecules, step-by-step, through a series of metabolic intermediates, eventually yielding a final product or products.

True (A)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear and Cyclic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are examples of macromolecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose provides energy for the body's cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary amylase = Breaks down starch into smaller sugars Pepsin = Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides Pancreatic amylase = Breaks down starch into smaller sugars Lipase = Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase = Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile salts emulsify fats, breaking down large fat droplets into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for lipase to act on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chylomicrons transport lipids from the small intestine to the liver and other tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the bonds between the phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy coupling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexokinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate and ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that transports lactate from the muscles to the liver, where it is converted back to glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron carriers transport electrons between molecules in metabolic pathways, facilitating redox reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate production allows skeletal muscles to continue producing ATP during intense exercise, even in the absence of sufficient oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle is a metabolic pathway in the brain where astrocytes produce lactate from glucose and release it to neurons, which use it as an energy source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The new paradigm shift in neuroenergetics recognizes the active role of astrocytes in providing energy to neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A series of biochemical reactions converting substrates step-by-step to final products.

A metabolic pathway that synthesizes larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

A metabolic pathway that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

The first step in glucose breakdown to extract energy; an anaerobic process.

The main energy carrier in cells; releases energy when phosphate bonds are broken.

The process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, often activating it.

Compounds that transport high-energy electrons in metabolic pathways.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; an electron carrier that can be oxidized (NAD+) or reduced (NADH).

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides.

Lipoprotein complexes that transport absorbed lipids from the intestinal cells to the lymphatic system.

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes like pepsin and trypsin in the digestive system.

Amino acids are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium using various transport mechanisms.

A reaction that requires energy input; products have more energy than reactants.

A reaction that releases energy; products have less energy than reactants.

The concept of how the brain regulates energy supply, primarily through glucose metabolism.

The cycle that transports lactate from anaerobic cells to the liver for glucose production.

The process by which large lipid droplets are broken into smaller droplets for digestion.

A cellular mechanism that establishes ion gradients, crucial for glucose transport.

The process of moving substances across a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.

A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions for energy production via oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

The final stage of cellular respiration; ATP is produced using the energy from electrons.

The community of microorganisms in the digestive system; helps break down undigested food.

Compounds produced by the liver that aid in lipid digestion and emulsification.

Chains of three amino acids linked together, formed during protein digestion.

A by-product of anaerobic metabolism; can be used by the liver to produce glucose.