Metabolic Changes in the Postabsorptive State
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary way energy storage is regulated?

  • Change in metabolic rate
  • Leptin and satiety factors
  • Excretion of excess energy
  • Reflexive adjustment of food intake (correct)

    • What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

  • Integrating temperature-regulating reflexes (correct)
  • Stimulating sweat glands
  • Controlling food intake
  • Generating heat through shivering

    • How does the body lose heat through radiation, conduction, and convection?

  • Through the gut
  • Through the respiratory lining
  • Through the skin surface
  • Through the skin surface, depending on the temperature difference between the skin and the environment (correct)

    • What is the result of an imbalance between food intake and metabolic rate?

    <p>Being overweight or obese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During absorption, what is the primary source of energy?

    <p>Absorbed carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stimulus that causes fever?

    <p>Endogenous pyrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of extreme increases in body temperature?

    <p>Heat exhaustion or heatstroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most absorbed carbohydrate converted into glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids?

    <p>Liver and adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the body?

    <p>Carrying cholesterol from cells to the liver and steroid-producing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of excess amino acids during absorption?

    <p>They are used to synthesize carbohydrate and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cholesterol synthesis by the liver and ingested cholesterol?

    <p>Cholesterol synthesis decreases with ingested cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the LDL/HDL ratio in relation to heart disease?

    <p>It is directly proportional to the incidence of heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for most tissues in the postabsorptive state?

    <p>Fatty acids and ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in the liver?

    <p>Inhibiting gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

    <p>An abnormally low glucose concentration in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what is the primary source of energy for muscles?

    <p>Plasma glucose, fatty acids, and muscle glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Permitting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for total energy expenditure?

    <p>Total energy expenditure = Heat produced + External work done + Energy stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and muscle?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on metabolic rate?

    <p>Increasing metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in the postabsorptive state?

    <p>Synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of absorbed carbohydrate that is not used for energy?

    <p>It is converted into glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids in the liver and adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the liver in relation to triglycerides?

    <p>To release triglycerides in very-low-density lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the body?

    <p>To deliver cholesterol to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of excess amino acids during absorption?

    <p>They are used to synthesize carbohydrate and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the liver in regulating plasma cholesterol concentration?

    <p>It regulates cholesterol synthesis homeostatically to maintain plasma cholesterol concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of glucose for the liver during absorption?

    <p>Absorbed carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of leptin in the body?

    <p>To control food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chronic increase in food intake?

    <p>An increase in metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body lose heat through evaporation?

    <p>Through sweat and insensible loss from the skin and respiratory lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of fever?

    <p>A resetting of the temperature set point due to endogenous pyrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of temperature acclimatization to heat?

    <p>An earlier onset of sweating, an increased volume of sweat, and a decreased salt concentration of the sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an imbalance between food intake and metabolic rate?

    <p>Being overweight or obese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the postabsorptive state, what is the primary source of energy for most tissues?

    <p>Fatty acids and ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in muscle?

    <p>Stimulate glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on the liver?

    <p>Stimulate glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and ketone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for insulin secretion?

    <p>Increased plasma glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of epinephrine on adipose tissue?

    <p>Stimulate lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what is the primary source of energy for muscles?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Permissive for gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in the postabsorptive state?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis and ketone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Stimulate gluconeogenesis and block glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in adipose tissue?

    <p>Stimulate glucose uptake and net synthesis of triglyceride</p> Signup and view all the answers

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