Metabolic Breakdown of Carbohydrates Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which process converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA under aerobic conditions?

  • Oxidative process (correct)
  • Reductive process
  • Decarboxylation
  • Fermentation
  • What is the main function of pyruvate dehydrogenase in metabolism?

  • Generates NADH from pyruvate
  • Catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate
  • Facilitates gluconeogenesis
  • Committed step between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism (correct)
  • Which enzyme is part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

  • Phosphofructokinase
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (correct)
  • Pyruvate carboxylase
  • Which of the following is a molecule NOT made from pyruvate as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acetaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anaerobic conditions, what are the possible products of pyruvate metabolism?

    <p>Lactate and ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does phosphorylation have on the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule regulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of NADH on pyruvate dehydrogenase function?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules activates the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

    <p>AMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acetyl-CoA influence pyruvate dehydrogenase?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to lactate anaerobically?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the conversion of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?

    <p>Enolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of acetaldehyde from pyruvate?

    <p>Alcohol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in glycolysis is considered committed and irreversible?

    <p>Pyruvate Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the context of pyruvate metabolism?

    <p>Generating acetaldehyde from pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Mg2+ or Mn2+ in the third irreversible reaction of glycolysis?

    <p>Act as activators of Pyruvate Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the transamination of oxaloacetate into aspartate in pyruvate metabolism?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is generated at the end of the energy-yielding stage in glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of product removal on the dehydration of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?

    <p>Promotes the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of the catabolism of monosaccharides?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Pyruvate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of new glucose using pyruvate?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In glycolysis, which molecule serves as the primary substrate for the subsequent step?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of pyruvate dehydrogenase in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule plays a critical cofactor role in many enzymatic reactions, where electrons transferred to it are used in subsequent reactions such as the electron transport chain?

    <p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step of glycolysis does the FIRST ATP molecule get generated through substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>Step 7 – Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate Mutase (PGM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as an important regulator of hemoglobin and is formed as an intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by mutase?

    <p>2,3-bisphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate, according to the text?

    <p>High substrate concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Fructose-1,6bisphosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Glucose-6phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a glucogenic precursor for gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Pyruvate carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme consumes one ATP equivalent during the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

    <p>Pyruvate carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by which enzyme in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Fructose bisphosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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