37 Questions
Which process converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA under aerobic conditions?
Oxidative process
What is the main function of pyruvate dehydrogenase in metabolism?
Committed step between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism
Which enzyme is part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Which of the following is a molecule NOT made from pyruvate as mentioned in the text?
Acetaldehyde
In anaerobic conditions, what are the possible products of pyruvate metabolism?
Lactate and ethanol
What effect does phosphorylation have on the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Inhibition
Which molecule regulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase?
ATP
What is the impact of NADH on pyruvate dehydrogenase function?
Inhibition
Which of the following molecules activates the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
AMP
How does acetyl-CoA influence pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Inhibition
What is the primary function of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?
Formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate
Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to lactate anaerobically?
Lactate dehydrogenase
What drives the conversion of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?
Enolase
Which process involves the formation of acetaldehyde from pyruvate?
Alcohol production
Which step in glycolysis is considered committed and irreversible?
Pyruvate Kinase
What is the role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the context of pyruvate metabolism?
Generating acetaldehyde from pyruvate
What is the role of Mg2+ or Mn2+ in the third irreversible reaction of glycolysis?
Act as activators of Pyruvate Kinase
Which enzyme is involved in the transamination of oxaloacetate into aspartate in pyruvate metabolism?
Alanine aminotransferase
Which molecule is generated at the end of the energy-yielding stage in glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What is the effect of product removal on the dehydration of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?
Promotes the reaction
What is the primary product of the catabolism of monosaccharides?
Pyruvate
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Which process involves the synthesis of new glucose using pyruvate?
Gluconeogenesis
In glycolysis, which molecule serves as the primary substrate for the subsequent step?
Pyruvate
What is the key role of pyruvate dehydrogenase in cellular metabolism?
Convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
Which molecule plays a critical cofactor role in many enzymatic reactions, where electrons transferred to it are used in subsequent reactions such as the electron transport chain?
NAD+
In which step of glycolysis does the FIRST ATP molecule get generated through substrate-level phosphorylation?
Step 7 – Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK)
Which enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate Mutase (PGM)
Which molecule acts as an important regulator of hemoglobin and is formed as an intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by mutase?
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
What drives the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate, according to the text?
High substrate concentration
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)
Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis?
Fructose-1,6bisphosphatase
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in gluconeogenesis?
Glucose-6phosphatase
Which of the following is a glucogenic precursor for gluconeogenesis?
Lactate
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis?
Pyruvate carboxylase
Which enzyme consumes one ATP equivalent during the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Pyruvate carboxylase
The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by which enzyme in gluconeogenesis?
Fructose bisphosphatase
Test your knowledge on the metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates, including the conversion of fructose and glycerol to pyruvate, which can then be further oxidized to acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle. Explore the classification of carbohydrates as monosaccharides and polysaccharides, and their roles in energy storage and structural functions.
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