Mesopotamia Geography and Culture

Corbel arch = Above the entry of the Treasury of Atreus Ziggurat = Predecessors of pyramids Brick architecture = Subject to floods that wash away villages and livelihoods Mud and reed architecture = Culture of fertile lands

Mesopotamia = Near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Modern Iraq) Hittite = Ancient Egypt Phoenicians = Ancient Middle East Assyrian = Ancient Greece

Mud = Baked to make pottery Reeds = Mixed with mud and baked to make bricks Bricks = Used for building structures Pottery = Used for storing food

<p>Floods and heavy rains = Unpredictable and destructive Fertile land = Allowed for a surplus of food Surplus of food = Enabled other activities besides farming Wash away villages = Disrupts livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical Architecture = Characterized by grandeur and symmetry Ziggurat Architecture = Step pyramids with temples at the top Brick Architecture = Used in ancient Mesopotamia Mud and Reed Architecture = Used in ancient fertile lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient Mesopotamia = Developed writing and governance Ancient Egypt = Built pyramids and developed hieroglyphics Hittite = Developed iron working techniques Assyrian = Built grand cities and developed trade networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ziggurat at Ur = Mesopotamia Treasury of Atreus = Greece Pyramids = Ancient Egypt Hanging Gardens = Babylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temples at the top of Ziggurats = Religious worship Corbel arch above the entry = Decorative and structural Brick architecture = Durable and resistant to floods Mud and reed architecture = Sustainable and eco-friendly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Çatal Hüyük = Turkey Göbekli Tepe = Mesopotamia Stonehenge = England Carnac Stones = France</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megaliths = Group of large rocks or stones for a religious or symbolic purpose Dolmen = A type of burial site with stones piled up on one another Passage Graves = Comprised of stones piled up on one another Burial Sites = Usually the resting site for an important person</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesopotamia = Understood smelting (extracting metal from rock) Egypt = Built pyramids India = Developed writing systems Çatal Hüyük = Traded in obsidian</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stonehenge = Place of worship or ritual and astrology tool Carnac Stones = A type of burial site Dolmen = Commemoration of a place or site Göbekli Tepe = Ritualistic center</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesopotamia = Fertile Crescent Egypt = Nile River India = Ganges River Çatal Hüyük = Tigris River</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Çatal Hüyük = Mud construction and wood structures Stonehenge = Large stones Carnac Stones = Large stones Dolmen = Piled up stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesopotamia = Traded in goods through the Silk Road Egypt = Traded in goods with Mediterranean countries India = Traded in spices and textiles Çatal Hüyük = Traded in obsidian</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Göbekli Tepe = 9000-7500 BCE Çatal Hüyük = 7400 BCE Stonehenge = 3000-1800 BCE Carnac Stones = 3500 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesopotamia = Cultivated different types of grain Egypt = Grew crops along the Nile River India = Grew crops along the Ganges River Çatal Hüyük = Cultivated different types of grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Çatal Hüyük = No streets, access from roof Göbekli Tepe = Circular walls with three pillars in center Stonehenge = Aligned with celestial bodies Carnac Stones = Three different alignments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyramids = Resting places for gods and kings Ziggurats = Temples for ancient Mesopotamian gods Mastabas = Houses for high-ranking officials Palace at Knossos = Administrative center for Minoan civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post and Lintel construction = Ancient Egyptian and Minoan civilizations Dome construction = Roman and Byzantine civilizations Arch construction = Roman and Gothic civilizations Ramp construction = Mesopotamian civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyramids at Giza = Nile River Valley of the Kings = Thebes Temple Complex at Karnak = Luxor Ziggurats at Ur = Mesopotamia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical Architecture = Order, symmetry, and balance Ancient Egyptian Architecture = Monumental, symbolic, and ornate Minoan Architecture = Labyrinthine, colorful, and playful Gothic Architecture = Vertical, light-filled, and ornate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Khufu = Great Pyramid of Giza Tutankhamun = Tomb in the Valley of the Kings Djoser = Step Pyramid at Saqqara Ramses II = Temple at Abu Simbel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough granite = Structural, durable, and rough White limestone = Finishing, reflective, and smooth Mud bricks = Local, cheap, and versatile Gold leaf = Decorative, expensive, and luxurious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ramps = Construction and transportation Levers = Construction and movement Procession = Religious and ceremonial Post and Lintel = Structural and load-bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyramids at Giza = Old Kingdom (2580 BCE) Temple Complex at Karnak = New Kingdom (1550 BCE) Palace at Knossos = Minoan civilization (1600 BCE) Ziggurats at Ur = Sumerian civilization (2100 BCE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monumental and symbolic = Ancient Egyptian civilization Labyrinthine and colorful = Minoan civilization Orderly and symmetrical = Classical Greek civilization Vertical and light-filled = Gothic civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyramids = Tombs for pharaohs Temples = Religious worship and rituals Palaces = Administrative and residential centers Ziggurats = Temples for ancient Mesopotamian gods</p> Signup and view all the answers