Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of having standards in computer networks?
What is the primary purpose of having standards in computer networks?
- To create confusion in network communication
- To ensure heterogeneous networks can communicate with each other (correct)
- To prevent networks from communicating with each other
- To limit the growth of computer networks
How many layers are defined in the OSI model for networking?
How many layers are defined in the OSI model for networking?
- Eight
- Seven (correct)
- Six
- Five
What is the typical size range for a LAN?
What is the typical size range for a LAN?
- 2-5 miles
- Less than 1 mile (correct)
- Greater than 100 miles
- Around 10 miles
Which type of network usually links devices within a single office or building?
Which type of network usually links devices within a single office or building?
What is the characteristic feature of a WAN as compared to a LAN?
What is the characteristic feature of a WAN as compared to a LAN?
How does a LAN differ from a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
How does a LAN differ from a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
What advantage does a mesh network offer in terms of privacy or security?
What advantage does a mesh network offer in terms of privacy or security?
Why is fault identification and isolation easier in a mesh network?
Why is fault identification and isolation easier in a mesh network?
Why can a mesh network continue to function even if one link becomes unusable?
Why can a mesh network continue to function even if one link becomes unusable?
What is a significant disadvantage of a mesh network in terms of cabling?
What is a significant disadvantage of a mesh network in terms of cabling?
How does a mesh network prevent incapacitation of the entire system if one link fails?
How does a mesh network prevent incapacitation of the entire system if one link fails?
What makes fault identification and isolation easy in a mesh network?
What makes fault identification and isolation easy in a mesh network?
What term is used to refer to standards that have been legislated by an officially recognized body?
What term is used to refer to standards that have been legislated by an officially recognized body?
Which organization is primarily responsible for developing data telecommunications standards in North America?
Which organization is primarily responsible for developing data telecommunications standards in North America?
What was the committee formed by the United Nations to establish international standards for telecommunications?
What was the committee formed by the United Nations to establish international standards for telecommunications?
Which organization underwent a name change to become the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T)?
Which organization underwent a name change to become the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T)?
Which body's membership is mainly drawn from the standards creation committees of various governments worldwide?
Which body's membership is mainly drawn from the standards creation committees of various governments worldwide?
In what era did a number of countries define national standards for telecommunications before international compatibility became a concern?
In what era did a number of countries define national standards for telecommunications before international compatibility became a concern?
What is a key disadvantage of a mesh topology compared to a star topology?
What is a key disadvantage of a mesh topology compared to a star topology?
How does data transmission occur between devices in a star network?
How does data transmission occur between devices in a star network?
Which topology allows for easy installation, reconfiguration, and requires less cabling?
Which topology allows for easy installation, reconfiguration, and requires less cabling?
In a mesh topology, how are regional offices in a telephone network typically connected?
In a mesh topology, how are regional offices in a telephone network typically connected?
What is a characteristic of a star topology that contributes to its robustness?
What is a characteristic of a star topology that contributes to its robustness?
Which network type has the advantage of allowing direct traffic flow between devices?
Which network type has the advantage of allowing direct traffic flow between devices?
What is the purpose of special-interest groups developing forums with representatives from interested corporations?
What is the purpose of special-interest groups developing forums with representatives from interested corporations?
Which regulatory agency oversees interstate and international commerce related to communications in the United States?
Which regulatory agency oversees interstate and international commerce related to communications in the United States?
What is the initial stage of a specification before it attains Internet standard status?
What is the initial stage of a specification before it attains Internet standard status?
How do forums established by special-interest groups contribute to the standardization process?
How do forums established by special-interest groups contribute to the standardization process?
What is the primary goal of government regulatory agencies like the FCC regarding communication technologies?
What is the primary goal of government regulatory agencies like the FCC regarding communication technologies?
What defines an Internet standard?
What defines an Internet standard?
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Study Notes
Network Models
- Computer networks are created by different entities, and standards are needed for heterogeneous networks to communicate with each other.
- Two well-known standards are the OSI model and the Internet model, which define 7-layer and 5-layer networks, respectively.
Categories of Networks
- Networks can be categorized into two primary categories: local area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
- The category is determined by the network's size, with LANs typically covering an area less than 2 miles and WANs being worldwide.
Local Area Networks (LANs)
- A LAN is usually privately owned and links devices in a single office, building, or campus.
- LANs can range from simple setups like two PCs and a printer to larger networks spanning a company.
Mesh Topology
- A mesh topology has dedicated links between each device, guaranteeing that each connection can carry its own data load.
- Advantages of mesh topology include robustness, privacy/security, and easy fault identification/isolation.
- Disadvantages include the need for many I/O ports and cables, making installation and reconnection difficult and expensive.
Standard Organizations
- Standards are developed through the cooperation of standards creation committees, forums, and government regulatory agencies.
- Key organizations involved in data telecommunications standards include the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T).
Star Topology
- In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller or hub.
- Advantages of star topology include lower cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and robustness.
- Devices are not directly linked to each other, and the controller acts as an exchange.
Internet Standards
- An Internet standard is a thoroughly tested specification that is useful to and adhered to by those who work with the Internet.
- The standardization process involves Internet drafts, which are working documents with no official status and a 6-month lifetime.
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