Questions and Answers
In which year was the first case of MERS identified?
2012
What is the primary source of human infection for MERS?
Camels
What is the primary goal of treatment for MERS patients?
To manage symptoms and prevent complications
Which of the following is NOT a type of coronavirus?
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What is the name of the genus to which MERS-CoV belongs?
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What is the most common specimen collected for viral respiratory illnesses?
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Which diagnostic test is highly sensitive and specific for viral respiratory illnesses?
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What is not a diagnostic test for viral respiratory illnesses?
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Which of the following is not a type of viral respiratory illness?
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Which specimen collection site is not typically used for viral respiratory illnesses?
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What is the common route of transmission for viruses causing human cases reported to the WHO since 2003?
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What is the primary reason for the seasonal transmission of viruses like MERS-CoV?
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Which of the following viruses is most closely related to MERS-CoV?
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What is the primary consequence of MERS-CoV infection in humans?
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Which of the following is a common characteristic of viral respiratory illnesses like MERS-CoV?
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Study Notes
Hospital Admission and Treatment
- Hospital admission involves isolation and close observation of patients
- Treatment is primarily supportive, consisting of:
- Ventilator use to deliver oxygen and assist breathing
- Administration of antibiotics to combat pneumonia and secondary bacterial infections
- High-dose steroids to reduce lung swelling
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
- Definition: MERS is a viral respiratory infection caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a distinct genus betacoronavirus
- Epidemology:
- First case identified in June 2012 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Notable outbreaks occurred in:
- South Korea (2015)
- Saudi Arabia (2018)
Transmission
- Humans typically contract MERS-CoV from camels, either through direct contact or indirect means
- Diagnostic tests include:
- Nasopharyngeal aspirate or wash
- Oropharyngeal or throat swab
- Viral culture
- Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
- Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs)
Global Impact
- Over 700 human cases reported to the WHO since 2003
- MERS-CoV is highly transmissible and fatal, with seasonal flu infections potentially spreading from birds to humans
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