29 Questions
What is the primary component of silver amalgams?
Mercury
What is the purpose of replacing mercury with gallium in amalgams?
To prevent the release of mercury
What is the word 'amalgam' derived from?
Arabic and Greek
Which of the following is NOT a component of modern high-copper amalgams?
Aluminum
What is the primary issue with low-copper amalgams?
They release mercury during corrosion
What is the advantage of gallium over mercury in amalgams?
Both b and c
Which group of people shall not have dental amalgam used in their treatment, according to the text?
Deciduous teeth, children under 15, and pregnant or breastfeeding women
What is the European Parliament's decision regarding the production and export of dental amalgam from the European Union (EU), effective 1 January 2025?
To ban the production and export of dental amalgam
Which measure aims to promote the use of cost-effective and clinically effective mercury-free alternatives for dental restoration?
Promoting the use of cost-effective and clinically effective mercury-free alternatives for dental restoration
Which measure aims to encourage insurance policies and programs that favor the use of quality alternatives to dental amalgam for dental restoration?
Encouraging insurance policies and programs that favor the use of quality alternatives to dental amalgam for dental restoration
Which measure aims to promote research and development of quality mercury-free materials for dental restoration?
Promoting research and development of quality mercury-free materials for dental restoration
Which measure aims to restrict the use of dental amalgam to its encapsulated form?
Restricting the use of dental amalgam to its encapsulated form
What is a key factor in determining the biocompatibility of dental amalgam?
The type of amalgam and its composition
Which of the following statements about high-copper amalgams is true?
They cause severe reactions when in direct contact with tissue
What is the effect of free or unreacted mercury from amalgam on cells in culture?
It is toxic to cells
How does the addition of copper affect the cytotoxicity of dental amalgams?
It increases the cytotoxicity
Which phase of dental amalgam is NOT effectively phagocytized (engulfed) by macrophages?
The $\gamma_2$ phase
How does dental amalgam typically affect the pulp in shallow or lined cavities?
The response of the pulp is minimal
What has been the most important restorative material in the history of dentistry?
Silver amalgam
Based on the text, what can be concluded about the impact of mercury from dental amalgam restorations on immune functions in humans?
There is conclusive evidence that mercury from amalgam fillings does not impact immune functions in humans.
How long has silver amalgam been widely used as a restorative material?
Almost two centuries
What did Ritchie et al. (2002) find when comparing dentists to control subjects regarding health and cognitive functioning?
Health and cognitive functioning were similar between dentists and control subjects.
What did Jones (1999) report regarding the link between irreversible neurological disorders or impaired kidney function and mercury vapor from dental amalgam restorations?
There is no link between irreversible neurological disorders or impaired kidney function and mercury vapor from dental amalgam restorations.
What percentage of the population in England and Wales (those age 18 and over) had amalgam fillings placed in the early 1990s?
50%
What is the difference between mercury-based amalgams and mercury-free amalgams?
Mercury-based amalgams contain mercury, while mercury-free amalgams do not.
What did animal experiments fail to establish in relation to human exposure to mercury from dental amalgam restorations?
A direct cause-and-effect link between mercury exposure and neurological disorders in humans.
What is the main topic of the text?
The toxicity and safety of dental amalgam
Based on the text, what can be inferred about the risk of adverse neurobehavioral effects posed by low concentrations of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings to the general population?
There is no risk of adverse neurobehavioral effects posed by low concentrations of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings.
What did a group investigating the associations between Hg and symptoms, mood, motor function, and nonspecific cognitive alterations find among an occupationally exposed group to Hg compared to the general US population?
There were no differences in symptoms between the occupationally exposed group and the general US population.
Test your knowledge on the composition, systemic toxicity, immunotoxicity, and clinical studies related to mercury-based and mercury-free dental amalgams. Explore reactions, toxicities, and safety considerations of different types of dental fillings.
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