Mental Health Quiz: Languishing and Wellness

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'languishing' refer to in the context of mental health?

A condition indicating optimal mental performance and well-being

A mental state in which individuals experience a lack of wellness and increased risk of disorders (correct)

An occasional illness that leads to enhanced psychological resilience

A state characterized by heightened aspirations and achievements

In the mental health continuum proposed by Huppert (2005), which term describes a state of mental health with frequent symptoms?

Peak performance

Normal mental health

Good mental health

Active mental illness (correct)

According to Keyes (2004), what demographic is indicated to have a high prevalence of languishing individuals?

Young people (correct)

Individuals with chronic physical illnesses

Professionals in high-stress jobs

Elderly populations

What does 'peak performance' in mental health imply based on the health continuum model?

A complete absence of symptoms and maximum effective functioning Signup and view all the answers

Which element is described as impacting the psychological wellness/distress according to the health continuum?

Level of psychological wellness and effective functioning Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological state is primarily associated with serious injuries in athletes?

Bad mood prior to the match Signup and view all the answers

What is a practical implication of the GSU studies regarding athletes at higher risk of injury?

Identification of psychological state constellations Signup and view all the answers

What type of injuries are more common in athletes who perceive themselves as less trained and sociable?

Medium injuries Signup and view all the answers

Improving which of the following abilities is important for the prevention of sports injuries?

Body perception and self-confidence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can be employed to develop competencies in athletes for injury prevention?

Self-perception oriented introspection skills Signup and view all the answers

The GSU studies suggest that short-term intervention strategies could include which of the following?

Relaxation techniques and physical preparation Signup and view all the answers

A negative perception of one's physical health is most commonly linked to which type of injuries?

Light injuries Signup and view all the answers

The studies highlight the role of taking responsibility for one's own body in injury prevention. Which quality does this reinforce?

Self-awareness and health ownership Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing athletes' stress response to injury?

Previous injury history Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cognitive appraisals in an athlete's response to injury?

They influence emotional and behavioral responses. Signup and view all the answers

According to the integrated model, what is essential for understanding how athletes cope with injury?

Individual's assessment of the injury's meaning Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the cyclical relationship in response to injury as hypothesized in the integrated model?

Injury consequences impact cognition, which influences emotion and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the integrated model emphasizes variability among athletes in their response to injuries?

Individual assessments of injury significance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is least likely to be a situational influence on an athlete's appraisal of injury?

Personal life events unrelated to the sport Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best summarizes the relationship between injury perception and rehabilitation?

Athletes' thoughts on injury influence their adherence to rehabilitation protocols. Signup and view all the answers

What do stress responses in athletes indicate regarding the process of injury?

They can indicate how well an athlete copes with injury. Signup and view all the answers

In the integrated model, what determines the likelihood of injury among athletes?

Psychological and situational factors Signup and view all the answers

What describes the second stage of emotional adjustment to injury?

Anger directed inward or outward Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is measured by the situational loss of control in the Sport Injury Trait Anxiety Scale?

Distraction during competitions Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage outlined in the 5 stage-model of emotional adjustment to injury?

Disbelief and denial Signup and view all the answers

What does a high situational importance score indicate in relation to an athlete's performance?

Performance is crucial for self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

In the Sport Injury Trait Anxiety Scale, which statement reflects low situational competency?

Top performances are required Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of emotional adjustment to injury?

Regret Signup and view all the answers

How is emotional adjustment to injury commonly expressed according to the 5 stage-model?

As a cyclical process with possible relapses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement aligns with the concept of emotional adjustment during the bargaining stage?

The individual seeks to negotiate with others Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological response correlated with high situational importance when faced with injury?

Intense pressure to perform Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a high reliability score in the Sport Injury Trait Anxiety Scale?

High accuracy in representing situational anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis?

Regular exercise leads to decreased physiological responses to psychological stressors. Signup and view all the answers

How does regular physical activity influence the HPA axis and SNS according to the hypothesis?

It regulates these systems to improve their functionality. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological benefit is consistently associated with exercise participation?

Positive changes in mood and affect. Signup and view all the answers

Experimental trials have shown what kind of effect of moderate exercise on psychological well-being?

Small-to-moderate positive effects. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT directly relate to the effects of exercise on mood?

Enhancement of socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect does aerobic exercise have on feelings of confusion?

It reduces confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between exercise and self-esteem?

Exercise is related to positive changes in self-esteem. Signup and view all the answers

How does the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis translate to physical activity?

It suggests both specific and non-specific adaptations to exercise. Signup and view all the answers

Which exercise-related change is suggested to impact psychosocial demands?

Decreased physiological response to stress. Signup and view all the answers

What role does regular exercise play in response to psychological stressors?

It induces adaptations that decrease stress responses. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

PSE8 - Stress, Mental Health and Wellbeing

Stress is defined as a physical and mental response to a stressor.
A stressor is a force acting on a biological system.
Distress is the psychological reaction to a stressor, which can be emotional, cognitive, or behavioral.
Stress is an imbalance in physiological systems. This activates physiological and behavioral responses to restore balance.

Psychosocial Diagnoses and Mental Disorders

One in three athletes is affected by mental illness.
16-34% of active and inactive athletes experience mental health issues.
Higher incidence rates of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, self-harm, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts in athletes compared to the general population.

WHO Official Mental Health Definition

Mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life.
Can work productively and fruitfully, and make contributions to his or her community.
Ability to adapt and respond when encountering physical, mental, or social challenges.

The Mental Health Spectrum

Keyes (2004) recognizes the state of recognizing personal strengths and capacities to support mental health.
Languishers are at high risk of depression and physical disorders.
Languishing is prevalent among young people, with 11% of the US population considered languishing.

Health as a Continuum

Active mental illness, sub-syndrom illness, normal, good mental health, and peak performance are represented on a continuum.
This relates to the level of psychological wellness/distress and effective/reduced functioning.

Classification Systems of Diseases

WHO uses the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems (ICD-10) for classifying diseases and mental disorders.
APA uses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to diagnose mental disorders.

What is Wellbeing?

Psychological wellbeing includes feeling good and functioning effectively.
It is not solely feeling good all the time.
It encompasses positive emotions, engagement, confidence, affection, and control over one's life, with a sense of purpose and positive relationships.

Drivers of Wellbeing

Personality is the strongest predictor of usual emotional style, with extraversion associated with positive emotional characteristics and neuroticism with negative mood.
Demographic factors such as gender effect ill-being but little well-being, while U-shaped relationship between age and mental well-being exists.
Marital status is linked to higher life satisfaction and lower psychological ill-being.
Socioeconomic factors such as income and socioeconomic status have a positive influence on well-being and higher educational qualifications provide some protection against mental health issues. However, relationships are not always consistent.

Theories and Models of Stress and Coping

Stimulus-oriented approaches: Life-event theory (negative or positive life changes leads to changes in health), Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures the intensity and duration of life events.
Reaction-oriented approaches: General Adaptation Syndrome (response of body to a demand).
Cognitive approaches: Transactional Model of Stress (relationships between person and environment), Conservation of Resources.

Coping Strategies of Athletes

Gender differences in coping strategies may exist with female athletes displaying a tendency towards emotion-focused coping in response to stressors than in males.
Performance-level differences in coping strategies may result, differing between elite and non-elite athletes who demonstrate either approach or avoidance behaviors to stressors in their competitive environment.
Coping strategies including problem-focused and emotion-focused coping are linked to anxiety and neuroticism.

Coping During Competitive Suffering Episodes

Negative feelings about goal attainment moderately predict problem-focused coping use.
Negative feelings about goal attainment strongly predict problem-focused coping use.
Avoidance coping use decreases over time.

Theories and Models on how Physical Activity Affects Stress

Physical activity (PA) is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure above resting.
Exercise is a planned, structured, repetitive subset of PA. The aim of exercise is to improve or maintain physical fitness.
Stress and exercise have a bidirectional effect on each other, and they can be positively or negatively correlated.
Exercise might buffer against the health-damaging effects of stress.

Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis

Regular exercise leads to adaptations in the stress response systems that reduce the physiological response to psychological stressors.
Exercise helps regulate bodily systems like the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
Those adaptations to physical activity, translate to adaptations in psychosocial demands.

Physical Activity/Exercise and Affect

PA and exercise are consistently linked to positive mood and affect.
Aerobic exercise can improve vigor but, to a lesser extent, reduce fatigue, confusion, depression, anger, and tension.

Physical Activity/Exercise and Depression

Inverse curvilinear association between PA and depression; most benefit is gained from transitioning from inactivity to moderate activity.
Accumulating activity equating to 2.5 hours of brisk walking weekly results in a 25% decrease of depression risk.
Only minor additional benefits are gained at higher levels of PA.

Psychological Antecedents of Sport Injury

Physical factors are the main cause of sport injuries, but psychological factors may also play a role.
The relationship between sport injury and psychological factors is often stress-related.
A stressful situation, resulting from increased anxiety, can lead to changes in focus, attention and subsequently muscle tension, thereby, increasing the risk of injury.

Psychological Responses to Sport Injury

Injured athletes experience a range of emotional responses, with a consistent 5-stage model being observed; disbelief, denial, isolation, anger (inward/outward), bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
There are variations in reactions to emotional and psychological trauma.
Injury-related information processing, emotional upheaval and reactive behavior, and a positive outlook and coping.

Substance Use (Disorder)

Substance use disorders (SUD) represent a problematic pattern of substance use that leads to clinically relevant impairment or distress.
DSM-5 replaced substance abuse and dependence with substance use disorders with 11 criteria, covering areas like impaired control, social impairment and risky use.
The severity of SUDs is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

Psychological Antecedents of Sport Injury- Empirical Evidence, and GSU Studies I and II - Practical Implications

Psychological states, such as stress and anxiety, are associated with the risk of injury in different sports
Athletes who have low self-esteem, low in hardiness, and high trait anxiety experience more injuries.
Perceiving one’s physical health as poor is also a factor in injury rates, while feeling sociable is also associated with a higher risk of injuries.
Short-term strategies can be used to aid athletes at a higher injury risk.
Intervention strategies can be based on relaxation techniques or focusing on physical preparation.

Sport and Physical Activity as an Intervention

Sport/physical activity can be associated with lowering loneliness.
This effect is greater if engagement in sport is combined with social support, positive relationships, and quality experiences.
Loneliness can reduce the likelihood of participation in sport or physical exercise, suggesting a negative relationship.

Sport as a Treatment for Depression (Movement Therapy)

Movement therapy in treating depression is founded on the principle that mind and body are interwoven.
Movement therapy may focus on addressing issues such as activation, awareness, fear, aggression and tension, and emotional regulation.
Movement therapy may incorporate techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, breathing, autogenic training, and mindfulness based stress reduction.
The ABC of movement therapy incorporates actions and experiences, reflection, and transfer to create change.
Clinical movement therapy utilises diagnostic, indication, intervention, and evaluation principles.

Depression in Elite Athletes

Approximately 10% of athletes experience depression.
Athletes may report back pain associated with stress and depression.
Intervention strategies may target short-term stress reduction but are most effective when part of a larger long-term sport-psychology strategy.
Psychological issues are prevalent in high-performance athletes who possess low levels of self-esteem, low in hardiness, and high trait anxiety, and/or who experience chronic stress.
Depression in athletes may be linked to injury risk, multiple concussions, higher prevalence in individual than team sport, history of prior mental issues, stress, and the desire for psychological support, not always followed by actual support.

Eating Disorders/Disordered Eating

Eating disorders encompass a spectrum of problematic eating behaviors.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a low body weight, often achieved through extreme dieting, excessive exercise, and/or purging behaviours, as well as distorted body image.
Individuals with eating disorders often manifest a need for control, resist treatment, and display body image disturbances. They may also demonstrate restricted emotions, obsessiveness/perfectionism around food, hyperactivity, and avoidance of social interaction.

Anxiety Disorders (in Athletes)

Symptoms of acute anxiety/panic may include muscle tension, palpitations, shortness of breath and/or choking sensations.
It can also include feelings of dizziness and light-headedness.
Anxiety disorders result from negative thoughts and feelings about oneself, the environment and future events, and can be associated with avoidance behaviours, distorted information processing, and social consequences.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concept of languishing in mental health and its implications according to various mental health models. Explore terms related to mental wellness, peak performance, and demographic factors affecting psychological wellness. Dive deep into the mental health continuum and discover how these elements interplay.