Mental Health Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is included in mental health?

Emotional, psychological, and social well-being

What is the main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A psychiatrist can prescribe medications, while a psychologist cannot.

What is the goal of cognitive therapy?

To help the patient identify and correct distorted, maladaptive beliefs.

What is the purpose of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

To produce a cerebral seizure under anesthesia to treat certain mental illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary admission?

Voluntary admission requires the patient's consent, while involuntary admission is done by a court order. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of seclusion in a psychiatric hospital?

To keep the patient from hurting others or causing substantial property damage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between seclusion and physical restraints?

Seclusion is used to prevent harm to others or property, while physical restraints are used to prevent physical harm to oneself or others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of social workers, counselors, and therapists in mental health care?

They assist in diagnosis, provide counseling, and enhance overall wellbeing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between suicidal ideation and suicide attempt?

Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts about killing oneself, while a suicide attempt is a self-injury action with the intention to die, but the individual does not die. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of management in patients who have attempted suicide?

Medical stabilization, with or without hospitalization, and managing underlying factors and psychiatric disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of personality disorders?

Inflexible and maladaptive traits across a wide range of situations, leading to significant distress and impairment of functioning. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorder is more common in males?

Antisocial personality disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for personality disorders?

Psychotherapy, with medications as adjuncts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Cluster A personality disorders?

Withdrawn, cold, suspicious, or irrational behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the DSM-5 criterion for a personality disorder?

Inflexible and pervasive pattern across a range of situations, not resulting from drugs or another psych dx, and causing significant distress or negative consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of paranoid personality disorder?

Distrust and suspiciousness of others. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Health

Mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
Mental disorders are characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships.

Mental Health Professionals

Psychiatrist: a medical doctor who treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders using medication and psychotherapy.
Psychologist: possesses a doctoral degree in psychology and treats emotional and social abnormalities with psychotherapy.
Social workers, counselors, and therapists: assist in diagnosis, provide counseling, and enhance overall wellbeing.

Types of Psychiatric Treatment

Psychotherapy: cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and others.
Cognitive therapy: helps patients identify and correct distorted, maladaptive beliefs.
Behavioral therapy: uses thought exercises or experiences to facilitate symptom reduction.
Drug therapy.
Brain stimulation therapy: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) uses an electric current to produce a cerebral seizure under anesthesia.

Voluntary and Involuntary Admission

Voluntary admission: a patient admits themselves or is admitted by their guardian with their agreement.
Consent must be in writing and signed, or verbal and witnessed and put in writing by someone not treating the patient at the time.
Involuntary admission: a patient is admitted by a court order to a psychiatric hospital or unit, often due to being a danger to themselves or others, or unable to care for themselves.

Seclusion and Restraints

Seclusion: to keep a patient from hurting others or causing substantial property damage.
Physical restraints: to keep a patient from physically hurting themselves or others, or causing substantial property damage.

Suicide

Suicidal ideation: thoughts about killing oneself, might include a plan.
Suicide attempt: self-injury trying to kill oneself, but the patient does not die.
Suicide: self-injury trying to kill oneself, resulting in death.
Suicide threat: saying they want to hurt themselves despite no intention of dying.
Suicide gesture: hurting themselves to make others think they want to die, despite no intention of dying.
Nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts: thoughts of self-harming without wanting to die.
Nonsuicidal self-injury: self-harming without wanting to die.

Management of Suicide

Medical stabilization for attempted suicide patients +/- hospitalization.
Managing underlying factors and psychiatric disorders.

Personality Disorders

Personality: patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself.
Personality disorder: personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive across a wide range of situations, leading to significant distress and impairment of functioning.

Prevalence and Clusters

Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males.
Borderline, histrionic, and dependent personality disorders are more common in females.
Clusters:
- Cluster A: withdrawn, cold, suspicious, or irrational (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal).
- Cluster B: theatrical, emotional, and attention-seeking (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic).
- Cluster C: anxious and tense (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive).

DSM-5 Criteria for Personality Disorders

Inflexible and pervasive pattern across a range of situations.
Not a result of drugs or another psychological disorder.
If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, it is considered schizoid personality disorder (premorbid).
Causes significant distress or negative consequences.
Seen in 2+: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control.

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Test your understanding of mental health, including its definition, characteristics of mental disorders, and types of mental health professionals such as psychiatrists and psychologists.