Mental Health Overview and Society's Norms

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a trait of mental health?

Emotional growth

Financial success (correct)

Rational thinking

Effective communication

What aspect is essential for individuals to be considered mentally healthy according to societal norms?

Perceived popularity

Increased social media presence

Self-care (correct)

Richness

How does society's definition of mental illness change?

It remains constant over time

Through advancements in technology only

According to cultural norms and societal values (correct)

Based solely on individual experiences

Which of the following traits contributes to an individual's capacity for resilience?

Positive self-concept Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with effective coping in mental health?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

Which level of awareness in Freud's theory includes material that is not currently on one's mind but can be easily recalled?

Preconscious Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of resilience in individuals?

Securing needed resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the DSM-5?

To establish official medical guidelines for diagnosing psychiatric disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mental health continuum?

Medicating Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a protective factor in mental health?

High socio-economic status Signup and view all the answers

Freud categorized which of these as the level of awareness containing repressed memories and unacceptable urges?

Unconscious Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is essential to recovery in the context of resilience?

Regulating one's own emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines the Cultural considerations under environmental factors?

Political climate Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does the Id play in the personality structure?

Impulse gratification Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of development does the Superego typically begin to develop?

Between ages 3 and 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Ego?

It acts as a problem solver and reality tester. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of defense mechanisms in personality?

To deny or distort reality to reduce anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of denial as a defense mechanism?

Refusing to acknowledge a stressful illness. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Superego consist of according to personality theory?

Moral standards and ideals internalized from parents and society. Signup and view all the answers

Displacement as a defense mechanism is best described as:

Transferring feelings from one person to another. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle does the Id operate on?

Pleasure principle Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

Skin looks reddish tinge Signup and view all the answers

What effect does GABA deficiency have on an individual?

Insomnia and agitation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with stimulant medications?

Decreased appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication for the use of stimulants in medication?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of GABA?

Induces euphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as an IR stimulant?

Methylphenidate IR Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the negative effects associated with excess serotonin?

Muscle super rigidity Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon can occur when someone drinks coffee after taking a stimulant?

Amplified side effects on the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary goal of unit design in mental health facilities?

Enhance patient autonomy and involvement Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of bioethics emphasizes doing no harm to patients?

Nonmaleficence Signup and view all the answers

What documents guide the care of patients during their hospital stay?

Clinical pathways Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an ethical dilemma?

A conflict where multiple actions have both favorable and unfavorable consequences Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nurse typically play in planning meetings within a mental health facility?

Leader of the planning meetings Signup and view all the answers

Which concept relates to the right of individuals to make their own decisions in mental health care?

Autonomy Signup and view all the answers

What must be balanced against a patient's right to safety in mental health care settings?

Patient's rights as a citizen Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mental health facilities, what is a therapeutic milieu?

The physical environment and surroundings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Health State of Well-being

Individuals reach their own potential
Cope with normal stresses of life
Work productively
Contribute to the community
Traits of Mental Health:
- Rational thinking
- Communication skills
- Learning
- Emotional growth
- Resilience
- Self-esteem

Societal Norms of Mental Health

What society sanctions as normal
What we are all supposed to be able to do in order for us to be considered mentally healthy
Rational thinking
Effective coping
Resiliency
Self-control
Self-awareness
Developmentally on task
Spiritual satisfaction
Happiness and joy
Self-care
Positive self-concept
Learning and productivity
Effective communication
Meaningful relationship

Mental Illness

Society's definition of mental illness evolves over time
It is a definition shaped by the prevailing culture and societal values
Psychiatric disorders with definable diagnoses
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning related to:
- Developmental
- Biological
- Physiological disturbances
Culturally defined

Mental Health Continuum

Well-being
Excelling
Thriving
Surviving
Struggling
Crisis
Mental Illness

Individual Attributes and Behaviors

Resilience
- Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being
- Characterized by:
  - Ability to secure needed resources
  - Capacity for regulating one's own emotions and overcoming negative, self-defeating thoughts
  - Essential to recovery

Risk and Protective Factors

Social and Economic Circumstances
- Family
- School and peer groups
- Socioeconomic status
- Educational advancement
Environmental Factors
- Political climate & cultural considerations
- Social & economic policies

Classification of Mental Disorders

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM5)
- Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders
- Based on specific criteria influenced by multi-professional clinical field trials

Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies

Dr. Sigmund Freud - The father of psychoanalytic

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud's Level of Awareness
- Conscious: Contains all the material a person is aware of at any one time (aware of right now)
- Preconscious: Contains material that can be retrieved rather easily through conscious effort (not thinking about it at the moment but knows the answer if think about it)
- Unconscious: Includes all repressed memories, passions, and unacceptable urges lying deep below the surface (don't remember, buried, someone needs to work with you therapeutically to retrieved, repressed memories)
Personality Structure
- Id: "I need"
  - Pleasure principle
  - Reflex action
  - Primary process
  - The Id is totally unconscious and impulsive. It cannot tolerate frustration and seeks to discharge tension and return to a more comfortable level of energy. The Id lacks the ability to problem solve and illogical.
- Ego: "I want"
  - Problem solver
  - Reality tester
  - Within the first few years of life as the child begins to interact with others the ego develops. The ego resides in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of awareness. The problem solver and reality tester, the ego attempts to navigate the outside world. It is able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and objective reality.
- Superego: "I should"
  - Moral component
  - Develops between the ages 3 and 5, represents the moral component of personality. The superego resides in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious level of awareness. The superego consists of the conscience (all the "should nots" internalized from parents and society) and the ego ideal (all the "should" internalized from parents and society). It seeks perfection and when it falls short, it may induce feeling of guilt.
Defense Mechanisms and Anxiety
- Operate on unconscious level
- Deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening
- Ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings
- Denial: Involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence
- Displacement: Is the transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object, or situation

GABA

Reduces aggression and agitation
Decreases anxiety and excitation
Relaxes muscle
Anticonvulsant properties
- Effect of excess:
  - Decreased anxiety symptoms
- Effect of deficit:
  - Anxiety
  - Mania
  - Schizophrenia
  - Huntington's Disease

Psychotherapy:

Drug Class:
- Stimulants
- Drug Types:
  - IR: tablets no coating will kick in 15-20 mins last 4-6 hrs.
  - ER: capsules has beads inside that are IR AND ER that last 8-12 hrs get released throughout the day
  - Methylphenidate IR
    - Ritalin
  - Methylphenidate ER
    - Ritalin LA
    - Concerta
    - Daytrana (patch)
    - Quillivant XR (liquid)
    - Quillichew ER (chewable)
  - Amphetamines IR
    - Adderall
    - Focalin
    - Dexedrine
  - Amphetamines ER
    - Adderall XR
    - Focalin XR
    - Vyvanse
- Indication
  - ADHD
  - Narcolepsy
  - Bing-eating disorder
- Side Effects
  - Decreased appetite
  - Increased HR/BP
  - Cardiac arrhythmias
  - Insomnia
  - Irritability

Therapeutic Milieu

Surroundings and physical environment
- Managing behavioral crises
- Safety
- Unit design
Goals of unit design
- Promote an environment of safety and empower patients to partner with clinical staff and take ownership of their own health and safety

Teamwork and Collaboration

Each discipline are responsible for gathering data and participating in the planning of care
Treatment plan or clinical pathway provides a guideline for patient's care during hospital stay
Nurse's role is often to lead planning meetings
For standardization in treatment and improved outcomes, inpatient units use clinical pathways

Clinical Pathways

Also known as care pathway and integrated pathways
Detail the essential steps in the care of patients with specific clinical problems based on the usual and expected clinical course
Provide an essential link between evidence-based knowledge and clinical practice

Ethical Concepts

Ethics: the study of philosophical beliefs about what is considered right or wrong in society
Bioethics: used in relation to ethical dilemmas surrounding health care
Ethical Dilemma: conflict between two or more courses of action, each with favorable and unfavorable consequences
Six Principle of Bioethics:
- Autonomy: respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions.
- Beneficence: the duty to promote good
- Nonmaleficence: doing no harm to patient
- Justice: distribute resources or care equally
- Fidelity: maintaining loyalty and commitment; doing no wrong to a patient
- Veracity: One's duty to always communicate truthfully

Hospital Procedures

Voluntary Admission
- Sought by patient or guardian (can sign yourself into the hospital or if under the age of 18 yrs. a guardian can sign into the hospital)

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Description

This quiz explores the principles of mental health, including individual well-being, societal norms, and the evolving definitions of mental illness. It highlights key traits associated with mental health and the importance of coping mechanisms and effective communication in society. Assess your understanding of these concepts and their implications for personal and community health.