Podcast
Questions and Answers
A client with a phobia of spiders is undergoing therapy. Which behavioral technique would involve gradual exposure to spiders while teaching relaxation exercises?
A client with a phobia of spiders is undergoing therapy. Which behavioral technique would involve gradual exposure to spiders while teaching relaxation exercises?
- Aversion Therapy
- Response Prevention
- Flooding
- Systematic Desensitization (correct)
A therapist is working with a client who has a substance use disorder. Which of the following behavioral techniques involves pairing the undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus?
A therapist is working with a client who has a substance use disorder. Which of the following behavioral techniques involves pairing the undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus?
- Cognitive Reframing
- Aversion Therapy (correct)
- Token Economy
- Modeling
Which therapeutic approach focuses on modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors, and is often used in the treatment of depression and anxiety?
Which therapeutic approach focuses on modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors, and is often used in the treatment of depression and anxiety?
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (correct)
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- Validation Therapy
A client repeatedly checks if the door is locked, driven by obsessive thoughts. Which behavioral therapy technique would involve preventing the client from checking the door, thus breaking the cycle of anxiety?
A client repeatedly checks if the door is locked, driven by obsessive thoughts. Which behavioral therapy technique would involve preventing the client from checking the door, thus breaking the cycle of anxiety?
A therapist is helping a client with PTSD process traumatic memories by guiding them through specific eye movements. Which therapy is the therapist using?
A therapist is helping a client with PTSD process traumatic memories by guiding them through specific eye movements. Which therapy is the therapist using?
In a group therapy session, a client observes and imitates a therapist demonstrating effective communication skills. Which behavioral technique is being utilized?
In a group therapy session, a client observes and imitates a therapist demonstrating effective communication skills. Which behavioral technique is being utilized?
Which of the following therapies is specifically tailored to address the needs of individuals with neurocognitive disorders, such as dementia, by focusing on creating a supportive and understanding environment?
Which of the following therapies is specifically tailored to address the needs of individuals with neurocognitive disorders, such as dementia, by focusing on creating a supportive and understanding environment?
A client learns to replace the thought "I always fail at everything I do" with "I have strengths and weaknesses, and I can learn from my mistakes." Which cognitive technique is the client using?
A client learns to replace the thought "I always fail at everything I do" with "I have strengths and weaknesses, and I can learn from my mistakes." Which cognitive technique is the client using?
Which nursing action is MOST indicative of advocating for a client's right to treatment related to mental health therapies?
Which nursing action is MOST indicative of advocating for a client's right to treatment related to mental health therapies?
A client undergoing psychoanalysis begins to display strong feelings of anger towards their therapist, reminiscent of their relationship with a parent. What therapeutic concept does this BEST exemplify?
A client undergoing psychoanalysis begins to display strong feelings of anger towards their therapist, reminiscent of their relationship with a parent. What therapeutic concept does this BEST exemplify?
A patient is prescribed Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). What primary area of focus should the nurse expect the therapy to address?
A patient is prescribed Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). What primary area of focus should the nurse expect the therapy to address?
Which statement accurately differentiates psychodynamic psychotherapy from classical psychoanalysis?
Which statement accurately differentiates psychodynamic psychotherapy from classical psychoanalysis?
A client with a severe phobia of spiders is undergoing behavioral therapy. Which intervention aligns with the principles of this therapeutic approach?
A client with a severe phobia of spiders is undergoing behavioral therapy. Which intervention aligns with the principles of this therapeutic approach?
Which statement about the nurse's role in different mental health therapies is TRUE?
Which statement about the nurse's role in different mental health therapies is TRUE?
What is the PRIMARY goal of cognitive therapy?
What is the PRIMARY goal of cognitive therapy?
During a therapy session, a client is encouraged to freely express their thoughts and feelings without censorship. This technique is called:
During a therapy session, a client is encouraged to freely express their thoughts and feelings without censorship. This technique is called:
In an acute care setting for mental health, what is the MOST important goal regarding patient care?
In an acute care setting for mental health, what is the MOST important goal regarding patient care?
Which activity BEST exemplifies a mental health nurse's role in a community setting?
Which activity BEST exemplifies a mental health nurse's role in a community setting?
How do forensic nurses contribute to legal proceedings?
How do forensic nurses contribute to legal proceedings?
What is the primary focus of rehabilitation services in mental health care?
What is the primary focus of rehabilitation services in mental health care?
Which scenario BEST describes tertiary prevention in a community mental health setting?
Which scenario BEST describes tertiary prevention in a community mental health setting?
Which of the following BEST describes the historical trend in mental health care in the U.S. since the mid-20th century?
Which of the following BEST describes the historical trend in mental health care in the U.S. since the mid-20th century?
A client with a history of repeated self-harm is being discharged from an acute care facility. What intervention is MOST critical for the nurse to perform before discharge?
A client with a history of repeated self-harm is being discharged from an acute care facility. What intervention is MOST critical for the nurse to perform before discharge?
A nurse is working with a client who has been a victim of domestic violence. Which action would be MOST appropriate for the nurse to take to advocate for this client?
A nurse is working with a client who has been a victim of domestic violence. Which action would be MOST appropriate for the nurse to take to advocate for this client?
Flashcards
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
A long-term therapy focusing on unconscious thoughts and early childhood experiences to resolve conflicts.
Transference
Transference
Client redirects feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.
Countertransference
Countertransference
Therapist develops unconscious emotional reactions toward the client.
Free Association
Free Association
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Dream Analysis
Dream Analysis
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
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Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
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Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
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EMDR
EMDR
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CBT
CBT
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DBT
DBT
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Cognitive Reframing
Cognitive Reframing
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Modeling
Modeling
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Systematic Desensitization
Systematic Desensitization
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Aversion Therapy
Aversion Therapy
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Acute Mental Health Care
Acute Mental Health Care
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Community Mental Health Settings
Community Mental Health Settings
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Nurses' Role in Community Mental Health
Nurses' Role in Community Mental Health
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Forensic Nursing
Forensic Nursing
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Forensic Nurse's Actions
Forensic Nurse's Actions
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Rehabilitation Setting (Mental Health)
Rehabilitation Setting (Mental Health)
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Rehabilitation Services
Rehabilitation Services
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Mental Health Legislation (U.S.)
Mental Health Legislation (U.S.)
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Study Notes
- Mental health nursing takes place in acute care, community, and forensic settings.
- Nurses advocate for clients with mental illnesses and provide referrals to organizations for support, such as NAMI.
Settings for Mental Health Care
Acute Care
- Provides intensive treatment and supervision in locked units.
- Acute care assists clients with severe mental illness who pose a danger to themselves/others.
- Acute care aims to stabilize mental illness symptoms for a quick return to the community.
- Interprofessional teams include nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and more.
- Acute care settings may be privately owned, state-run, or part of general hospitals.
- Forensic units in correctional facilities serve individuals with severe mental illness.
- Post-discharge case management programs assist clients transitioning to community settings.
Community Settings
- Community settings include clinics, schools, day-care centers, and partial hospitalization programs.
- Crisis counseling centers and home healthcare are also aspects of community settings.
- Nurses stabilize/improve mental functioning as well as provide referrals to other programs.
- Nurses promote social activities and also focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Forensic Nursing
- Integrates nursing, biophysical education, and forensic science.
- Forensic nursing is utilized in public or legal proceedings.
- Forensic nurses assist with investigation and collection of evidence.
- Forensic nurses aid in analysis and prevention of treat victims and those who perpetrate trauma.
- Forensic nurses work with victims of violence, abuse, and trauma.
Rehabilitation
- Rehabilitation provides a structured environment for clients recovering from substance use disorders, self-harm, anxiety, and PTSD.
- Rehabilitation provides medication adherence support and daily living assistance.
- Rehabilitation treatment duration is weeks to months.
History of Mental Health Care in the U.S.
- Before the 20th century clients with severe mental illness were treated in institutional facilities.
- Congress enacted laws in 1946, 1955, and 1963 to improve conditions and promote deinstitutionalization.
- Case management was introduced to meet mental health needs in community settings in the 1970s
- HMOs and PPOs limited hospital stays in the 1980s.
- Mental illness was recognized as a disability in 1999 under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Acute Mental Health Care Settings
- Clients must constitute as dangerous to self/others and/or be unable to meet basic needs to be admitted.
- Clients may require admission if community-based treatments have failed, and/or the coexistence of a medical need with mental illness.
- Goals are to prevent harm to self/others, stabilize mental health crises, and provide a transition to community-based care.
Community-Based Mental Health Programs
- Partial Hospitalization Programs: Intensive short-term treatment for clients who are stable enough to go home.
- Partial Hospitalization Programs include detox programs for substance use.
- Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) helps to reduce hospitalizations.
- ACT provides crisis intervention and support, offering services in clients' homes or community centers.
- Community Mental Health Centers offer education groups, medication programs, and counseling.
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Programs: Residential services/Day programs for older adults.
- Home-Based Services provides mental healthcare for children, older adults, and medically frail individuals.
- Telehealth expands mental healthcare access for those unable to attend in-person therapy.
- Telehealth is covered by insurance, and is used for various interventions.
Levels of Prevention in Mental Health Care
- Primary Prevention prevents mental illness prior to onset, with a specific example being teaching stress reduction techniques.
- Secondary Prevention involves early detection and intervention, with screening older adults for depression.
- Tertiary Prevention focuses on rehabilitation and relapse prevention with the leading of support groups for clients recovering from substance use disorders.
Roles of Nurses in Mental Health Practice
- Registered Nurses (RN) require diploma, associate, or bachelor's degree.
- Registered Nurses provide medication and nursing interventions while working in acute or community-based settings.
- Registered Nurses manage client care within facilities.
- Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) require master's or doctoral degree in behavioral health.
- Advanced Practice Nurses can work independently and prescribe medications in addition to conducting research and quality improvement.
Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Behavioral Therapies
- These therapies address mental health issues using different methods and theories.
- Nurses do not perform the therapy but collects assessment data, identifies the need for therapy, evaluates treatment progression and advocates for the client's right to treatment.
- Nurses educate clients on the benefits of different therapies and the diagnoses they help treat.
Psychoanalysis
- Classical psychoanalysis is a long-term therapy that aims to discuss unconscious thoughts and resolve conflicts using a therapist.
- Developed by Sigmund Freud and focuses on early childhood experiences.
- Rarely used alone today, due to the long duration and insurance restrictions.
- Transference: the client redirects unconscious feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.
- Countertransference: the therapist develops unconscious emotional reactions toward the client.
- Free Association: The spontaneous, uncensored verbalization of thoughts.
- Dream Analysis & Interpretation: Freud's belief that dreams reflect unconscious urges.
- Use of Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious strategies used to cope with anxiety.
Psychotherapy
- Psychotherapy is more interactive than classic psychoanalysis.
- Client-therapist trust is key to problem-solving.
Types of psychotherapy
- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Similar to psychoanalysis but focuses on present issues instead of childhood.
- Psychodynamic Psychotherapy lasts longer than other therapies.
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) addresses relationship issues, communication, grief, and role transitions.
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) premise is that mental health disorders stem from interpersonal stressors.
- Cognitive Therapy focuses on changing thoughts before feelings.
- Cognitive Therapy is effective for depression, anxiety, and trauma.
- Behavioral Therapy is rooted in behaviorism (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner).
- The belief is that behavior is learned and can be unlearned.
- Behavioral Therapy is used for phobias, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders.
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) encourages clients to process traumatic memories in a safe, structured environment.
- EMDR is effective for PTSD and anxiety.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combines cognitive and behavioral therapy.
- CBT focuses on how thoughts influence feelings and behaviors.
- CBT is used for anxiety, depression, and stress management.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): A subset of CBT for personality disorders & self-harm.
- DBT focuses on gradual behavior changes, validation, and emotional regulation.
Use of Cognitive Therapy
- Cognitive Reframing helps clients identify negative thoughts, challenge them, and develop healthier thinking.
- For instance, a client who believes they are a bad person can learn to reframe their thoughts.
- Priority Restructuring helps clients focus on healthy, enjoyable activities.
- Journal Keeping encourages self-reflection & emotional processing.
- Monitoring Thoughts teaches clients to recognize and challenge negative thinking patterns.
Types and Uses of Behavioral Therapy
- Modeling: Therapists or peers model positive behaviors for clients to imitate.
- Acute care is used to improve social skills.
- Operant Conditioning: Positive reinforcement rewards good behavior.
- For instance, token economy which allows clients to earn tokens for good behavior.
- Systematic Desensitization: Gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli while using relaxation techniques.
- Systematic Desensitization helps clients manage phobias and anxiety.
- Aversion Therapy: Pairing maladaptive behavior with punishment.
- For Instance, using bitter-tasting substance for alcohol aversion
- Meditation, Guided Imagery, Muscle Relaxation, Biofeedback helps with pain, tension, and anxiety management.
- Flooding involves exposing a client to high levels of an anxiety trigger to reduce fear quickly.
- Response Prevention involves preventing clients from performing compulsive behaviors to break the anxiety cycle.
- Thought Stopping involves teaching clients to interrupt negative thoughts with a verbal or mental "STOP."
- Trauma-Focused CBT uses psychoeducation about trauma and coping mechanisms.
- Trauma-Focused CBT helps clients process and reframe traumatic memories.
- Validation Therapy is used for neurocognitive disorders (e.g., dementia).
- Validation Therapy encourages validating client emotions even if they are in an altered reality.
- Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy places clients in controlled virtual environments to help treat phobias, PTSD, and anxiety disorders.
- Psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious conflicts & childhood experiences.
- Psychotherapy is interactive and builds client-therapist trust.
- CBT & DBT help reframe negative thoughts & behaviors.
- Behavioral therapy uses learning principles to change maladaptive behavior.
- Exposure & aversion techniques help with phobias & addictions.
- Newer methods like EMDR & Virtual Reality Therapy are effective for trauma & anxiety.
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