Mental Health Integration and Community Care
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a significant consequence of the lack of community health care in mental health?

  • Increased access to educational supports
  • Improved quality of life for affected individuals
  • Increase in prisons or psychiatric institutions as primary care (correct)
  • More resources allocated to psychiatric hospitals

    • Which approach focuses on early identification and intervention in mental health problems?

  • Medication orientation
  • Institutional care
  • Life cycle approach (correct)
  • Task shifting

    • What is a primary goal of integrating care beyond the health sector?

  • To focus solely on hospital-based treatments
  • To increase the number of medications prescribed
  • To improve mental health through socio-economic support (correct)
  • To enhance the institutionalization of mental health services

    • Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the suggested approaches to address mental health inequity?

    <p>Increased hospital-based care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What population is highlighted as experiencing increased mental health concerns due to socio-economic and cultural factors?

    <p>Sexual minorities, immigrants, and indigenous populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mental health crisis management, what percentage of the world's children and adolescents have a mental health condition?

    <p>20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the shifting of responsibilities from specialists to community health workers?

    <p>Task shifting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when evaluating health programs for mental health?

    <p>Include patient satisfaction and community impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy involves training non-specialists to deliver mental health interventions?

    <p>Task-shifting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the mhGAP initiative?

    <p>To create evidence-based guidelines for managing mental health disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach can reduce travel time and increase accessibility to mental health services?

    <p>Digital technologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome noted in the StrongMinds Uganda program?

    <p>80% recovery rate sustained six months post-intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which community engagement strategy explicitly seeks to address stigma around mental health?

    <p>Educational campaigns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do supervised community health workers play in mental health care?

    <p>They deliver mental health interventions under supervision. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of integrated care approaches?

    <p>Focusing solely on specialist treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element is enhanced through the use of technology in mental health interventions?

    <p>Accessibility and convenience of services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary goals of the Adivasi groups in Gudalur?

    <p>To campaign for improved living standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of village health workers in the Gudalur Adivasi program?

    <p>They promote health practices and treat common health issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the community mental health program help decrease suicide rates?

    <p>Through regular follow-ups and support for emotional concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment can health nurses at area centers perform?

    <p>Psychiatric assessments using standardized questionnaires (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the community mental health program?

    <p>Increased reporting of mental health concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is highlighted as a benefit of the Gudalur community mental health model?

    <p>Reduced time to see a care provider for severe disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant challenge does the community mental health program face?

    <p>Continued funding issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aim of the cultural programs initiated by the Adivasi groups?

    <p>To engage the community in health awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Governance gap in mental health

    Inadequate allocation of resources for mental health services, particularly psychosocial support, in primary care settings, leading to reliance on hospitals for care.

    Service gap in mental health

    Limited availability of psychosocial treatments and support, such as income/employment assistance, within primary care systems.

    Alternative approach to mental health

    A multifaceted approach encompassing beyond-healthcare sector support, a life-cycle view, integrated care, task shifting, scaling up, stigma reduction, deinstitutionalization, and evaluations.

    Life-cycle approach to mental health

    Addressing mental health issues across all life stages, with a focus on early identification and intervention, especially crucial for children and adolescents.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Integrated care for mental health

    Providing mental health services as part of comprehensive care, integrated with other services, such as primary care or social support.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Task shifting in mental health

    Distributing mental health tasks to a wider range of providers, such as community health workers, beyond highly specialized professionals.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stigma reduction in mental health

    Addressing social stigma surrounding mental health conditions to promote acceptance and access to care.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Early intervention in Mental health

    Identifying and addressing mental health concerns early, particularly in children and adolescents.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Integrated Care

    Integrating mental health care into existing programs like primary care, maternal health, or school health.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    mhGAP

    WHO guidelines for managing mental and substance use disorders by non-specialist health providers in routine healthcare settings.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Task Shifting

    Sharing specific tasks with less qualified health workers, supervised by specialists.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    EMPOWER

    An online program that trains community health workers to deliver mental health interventions. Being developed in India and the US.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stigma Reduction

    Addressing social stigma surrounding mental health conditions to promote acceptance and access to care.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    INDIGO

    A collaboration of research colleagues in over 40 countries committed to developing knowledge about mental illness-related stigma and discrimination, both in terms of their origins and their eradication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Digital Technologies

    Technologies that can reduce travel time and expenses, provide anonymity, and make care more easily accessible.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Harnessing Technology

    Utilizing digital technologies to solve problems and address gaps in mental health care.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gudalur Adivasi Hospital

    A community-based hospital in India that provides healthcare services to indigenous populations, focusing on grassroots health programs and community mental health initiatives.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Village Health Workers

    Local volunteers trained to provide basic healthcare services, promote healthy practices, and identify individuals needing further care in their village.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Area Centers

    Intermediate healthcare facilities equipped with trained nurses, providing psychiatric assessments, crisis counseling, and telehealth consultation with hospital physicians.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Community Mental Health Program

    A comprehensive program that integrates mental health care into the community, involving village health workers, area centers, and a central hospital.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Psychiatric Assessment

    A process conducted by a trained professional to evaluate mental health conditions using questionnaires, interviews, and observations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Telehealth Consultation

    Using technology to connect with a physician at the hospital for remote advice and support, enabling access to specialized expertise.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Challenges of Community Mental Health Programs

    Obstacles include securing ongoing funding, disseminating results widely, and scaling up the model to other communities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Benefits of Community Mental Health Programs

    Advantages include increased reporting of mental health concerns, reduced suicide rates, and faster access to care for severe mental disorders

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Global Perspective on Mental Health

    • Speaker: Susmita Chandramouleeshwaran, Assistant Professor, Staff Geriatric Psychiatrist, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.

    Conflict of Interest and Bias

    • Conflict of Interest: Nil
    • Bias: Possible bias due to training as a mental health specialist, tempered by work in the Global South.

    Perspectives on Mental Health

    • Diverse Perspectives: Different lived experiences, fields of specialization, and cultures shape perspectives on what constitutes global mental health, mental illness, and best approaches.

    Background

    • Training: Christian Medical College, India (a tertiary referral center serving multiple populations from South Asia).
    • Work Experience (India): Diverse settings including faculty at alma mater, urban slums in Delhi, and remote mountainous districts.
    • Further Training (Canada): Geriatric Psychiatry at University of Toronto.
    • Current Position: Faculty at University of Ottawa since 2021.

    Current Work

    • Amalgamation: Combining previous experiences and interests.
    • Clinical/Research Focus: Geriatric psychiatry, global mental health programs.
    • Collaborations: Partner organization (KCMC) in Tanzania, leading global mental health program at Ottawa, building capacity in geriatric mental health in Tanzania.
    • Publications/Roles: Editor of PLOS Global Public Health.

    What Shaped Perspectives?

    • Gudalur Adivasi Hospital (2016): Remote town, tiger reserve, 20,000 people, marginalized population, widespread poverty, malnutrition, limited access to services, exploitative situations..

    Mental Health in 2005 and After

    • Untreated Mental Disorders: Serious mental disorders were largely untreated in some areas, with people facing mental illness with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder not receiving treatment.
    • High Rates: High rates of alcohol use and suicide existed amongst youth.
    • Community Programs: Successful community mental health programs have emerged in some regions.
    • Access to Specialists/Medication: Access to medications and specialists remains limited in certain areas.

    How Big is This Global Problem?

    • Prevalence: Close to one billion people live with a mental disorder.
    • Pandemic Impact: 53 million and 76 million additional cases of depression/anxiety during pandemic.
    • Global Mental Illness: 13% of world’s population experienced mental illness in 2021
    • Harmful Use of Alcohol: 3 million people die from harmful use of alcohol annually
    • Suicide: 1 person dies every 40 seconds by suicide.

    Global Mental Health Distribution

    • Resource Allocation Imbalance: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are home to over 85% of the global population but command less than 20% of mental health resources.
    • Lack of Access: Over 75% of people with serious mental disorders in LMICs surveyed by World Mental Health received no care despite significant disabilities. This highlights significant disparities in access to care in these regions.

    • High-Income Countries: Underserved populations also exist in high-income countries.

    Worldwide Mental Health Expenditure

    • **Significant Gaps:**Huge differences in spending between high- and low-income countries for mental health expenditures and mental hospitals.

    Mental Health Workforce Distribution

    • Short Supply: The global median for mental health workers is 9 per 100,000 population.

    Global Disease Burden

    • DALYs = Disability-Adjusted Life Years: A more substantial measure of the burden of mental disorders, since it combines years lost to death with years lost due to disability, giving a broader measure of a community's health and well being.
    • High Risk: Mental disorders are the 6th highest cause globally.

    Gaps in Global Mental Health

    • Information Gap: Insufficient research, less than 5% of mental health research funding directed to LMICs.
    • Resources Gap: Only 2% of health budgets spent on mental health. Lack of essential medications and a workforce shortages are present.
    • Governance Gap: Most funds directed to psychiatric hospitals, rather than addressing community needs.
    • Service Gap: Limited psychological resources available in primary care settings. Limited income, employment, or educational support for people in low-income communities and countries.

    Mental Health Care System Issues

    • Current System: Diagnosis-based, specialist-centered, hospital-based, and medication-oriented.

    Alternative Approaches and Solutions

    • Beyond Healthcare Sector: Integrating mental health care into pre-existing programs, the life-cycle approach, integrated care, task shifting, scaling-up interventions, addressing stigma, deinstitutionalization, and ongoing evaluations, are all part of the solution to systemic mental health problems.
    • Community Integration: Mental health services directly integrated within primary care, maternal health, school health, and HIV programs are examples of integrated mental health programs that can help to target groups of people who need those services.

    Integrated Care

    • Implementation: Mental health care integrated within pre-existing healthcare programs, with collaborative care models, and a wider integration to care including primary care, maternal health, education, and HIV programs.
    • Training: Training non-specialists.

    Task Shifting

    • Role Redefinition: Trained health workers sharing specific tasks, redefined roles for specialists.
    • Training: Supervision and support for trained individuals.
    • Results: Examples included in Nepal and Uganda.

    Scaling Up

    • Wider Provision: Population-wide provision of simple, effective interventions.
    • mhGAP: Mental Health Gap Action Programme (using WHO evidence-based guidelines).

    Technology Harnessing

    • Digital Solutions: Reducing travel time, expense, and promoting anonymity, increasing access for people with mental health problems.
    • EMPOWER: Online training program for community health workers to deliver mental health interventions.

    Inclusive Care

    • Addressing Stigma: Active participation with people with mental health problems and their caregivers, campaigns, and training.


    Deinstitutionalization

    • Community Care: Shifting care from institutions to communities, promoting effective and cost-effective care, addressing quality of care, reducing stigma, and a caution about reducing mental health expenditure.

    Ongoing Evaluation

    • Program Effectiveness: Assessing the effectiveness of programs, looking at ways to expand effective programs.
    • Global Sharing of Information: Sharing, communicating and disseminating strategies that work across cultures globally.

    Gudalur Adivasi Hospital Case Study

    • Community-Based Model: Grassroots health programs, with volunteers acting as health workers, supporting community-based and common mental health issues, and referral to more specialized areas as needed.
    • Mental Health Program: Ongoing education for health workers on prevalent mental illness, identifying people in need (with substance use issues and bereavement), and supporting local support groups.

    Community Mental Health Program

    • Assessment: Trained nurses conducting assessments of mental health, using questionnaires.
    • Support: Crisis counseling and telehealth, possible diagnosis, and referral based on severe symptoms.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Week 9 Slides: GMH Susmita PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of community health care in the context of mental health. It examines concepts such as early identification, intervention strategies, and the impact of socio-economic factors on mental health. Test your understanding of the integration of health care services and their importance in addressing mental health inequities.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser