Mental Health Insights and Perspectives

<p>The VTA releases dopamine to a greater extent when winning with a friend. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the response to rewards by modulating the VTA and NAc. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gambling Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The VTA releases a different type of dopamine when winning with a friend. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DSM-5 acknowledges the potential for 'behavioral addictions' but requires further research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aimed to reduce inflammation in the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It severed connections between the thalamus and the frontal lobes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients demonstrated a decrease in learning ability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early 20th century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of neuroleptics as a treatment option. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear must be persistent and excessive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Claustrophobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear response to specific stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some stimuli elicit a stronger emotional response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modelling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a publication for Parents' Magazine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snakes and spiders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily externally triggered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grandiosity and a lack of empathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being in love with oneself (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unrealistic expectations of favorable treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A moderate positive relationship between narcissism and certain behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He spent too much time admiring his reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is absent or significantly impaired (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a moderate positive correlation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant's self-love should direct outward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus accumbens and medial frontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced grey matter volume correlated with addiction duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced D2 striatal receptors in the nucleus accumbens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced activity in lateral prefrontal and striatal areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cingulate gyrus and subgenual cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced frontal activity during gains and decreased during losses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in grey matter volume in certain brain regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficacy of conditioned stimuli in specific settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopaminergic response in the nucleus accumbens to cocaine use videos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar patterns of cue-induced craving are observed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pointed to strong neural responses related to decision-making and craving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug-associated stimuli gain conditioned properties due to dopamine activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates memories related to the drug experience and induces cravings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesolimbic reward system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine strengthens the connection between rewards and drug-associated stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex scenes paired with monetary rewards or neutral contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A treatment for mental illness in the late 18th century, designed by Benjamin Rush, that involved spinning patients in a chair to reduce sensory input and supposedly decrease inflammation of the brain.

A therapy for schizophrenia that involved wrapping patients in wet sheets and laying them in rows. This practice was used in the early 20th century.

A surgical procedure used to treat mental illness in which the connections between the thalamus and the frontal lobes of the brain are severed. This procedure was developed in the 1930s and achieved controversial results.

A type of lobotomy developed by Freeman and Watts in the 1940s, which involved inserting an ice pick into the brain through the eye sockets.

A type of lobotomy developed by Freeman and Watts in the 1940s, which involved entering the brain through the top of the skull.

A disorder characterized by the continued use of a substance despite negative consequences.

A category of substance-related disorders that includes excessive gambling.

A mental health disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrolled use of social networking sites, resulting in negative consequences.

A brain region that plays a crucial role in reward processing and motivation, releasing dopamine in response to pleasurable stimuli.

A brain region that receives dopamine from the VTA and is involved in processing reward and reinforcing pleasurable behaviors.

A brain region that plays a role in decision-making and impulse control, regulating responses to rewards.

The neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation.

A brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow.

A brain region linked to reward and decision-making, often implicated in addiction.

A brain region involved in complex cognitive processes, including planning and decision-making.

A brain region involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.

A brain region involved in emotional processing, especially negative emotions like fear and pain.

The reduction in volume of gray matter (brain tissue) in specific brain regions.

A type of dopamine receptor found in the brain's reward system, particularly in the nucleus accumbens.

The tendency to be more sensitive to rewards and less sensitive to punishments.

The intense urge to engage in a particular behavior, often associated with addiction.

A marked and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.

A fear of the color yellow or the word "yellow".

A fear of bald people.

A fear of being tickled by feathers.

Learning theory that focuses on the association of stimuli and responses.

An experiment where a baby (Little Albert) was conditioned to fear a white rat.

A type of therapy where a therapist demonstrates the desired behavior to help the patient overcome their phobia.

A therapy method for phobias that uses a gradual approach to expose the patient to the feared object or situation.

The learned association between a neutral stimulus and a reward, leading to the activation of the brain's reward system even when the reward is not present.

A type of conditioning where a neutral stimulus (e.g., a drug-related cue) is repeatedly paired with a reward (e.g., the drug itself), causing the stimulus to become associated with the reward.

A strong desire or urge to use a drug, often triggered by drug-related cues or memories.

The repeated exposure to drug-related cues can trigger a craving for the drug, leading to relapse.

The area in the brain that connects the two hemispheres, facilitating communication between them.

The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher-level functions like thinking, planning, and problem-solving.

A personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.

A core symptom of NPD characterized by an inflated sense of one's own importance and accomplishments.

A core symptom of NPD characterized by a constant need for admiration and validation from others.

A core symptom of NPD characterized by an inability to understand or recognize the feelings of others.

The idea that grandiose behaviors and inflated self-importance in NPD are a way to compensate for an underlying lack of self-esteem and a fragile sense of self.

The study of how the brain and nervous system influence behavior and mental processes.

The inability to accurately perceive oneself and one's own capabilities.

The inability to understand and share the feelings of others.