Chapter 1 PSYC 326: Mental Health in Children and Adolescents
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Questions and Answers

What is comorbidity?

  • A disorder with no known cause
  • One disorder affecting another
  • A single disorder with multiple symptoms
  • Two or more disorders (correct)

According to the infographic, what is the prevalence of depression/anxiety in girls compared to boys during adolescence?

  • Two times more likely (correct)
  • Three times more likely
  • Two times more likely in boys
  • Five times more likely

What is the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in boys compared to girls in childhood?

  • Four times more likely (correct)
  • Two times more likely
  • Three times more likely
  • Five times more likely

What are the three aspects of Socioeconomic Status (SES)?

<p>Parental education, parental employment, and income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of eating disorders in girls compared to boys during adolescence?

<p>Five times more likely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of comorbidity on children and families?

<p>Increased burden on families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canadian children have a mental health disorder?

<p>1 in 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why anxiety is least likely to receive treatment?

<p>Lack of experts in child mental health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of new cases in a given time frame?

<p>Incidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the factors that contribute to the prevalence rates of mental health disorders?

<p>Gender and SES (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children receive treatment for their mental health problems?

<p>About 50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of evidence-based practice?

<p>An approach that combines scientific research, clinical expertise, and patient characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the barriers to treatment for mental health disorders in children?

<p>Economic barriers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of children in a population with a mental health disorder?

<p>Prevalence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between SES and parental mental illness?

<p>Higher SES is associated with lower parental mental illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the likelihood of children in single parent homes having substance use or behavioural disorders?

<p>6 times more likely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of indigenous children in Canada live in low SES?

<p>40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of immigrant children in Canada who live in low SES?

<p>33% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difference in prevalence of psychological disorders across ethnic groups?

<p>Differences in SES (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children receive treatment for psychological disorders?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the prevalence of psychological disorders?

<p>Both genetic and environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between SES and anxiety or mood disorders in single parent homes?

<p>Lower SES is associated with higher anxiety or mood disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of prevalence in the context of mental disorders?

<p>The total number of cases of mental disorders in a population at a specific point in time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between point prevalence and lifetime prevalence?

<p>Point prevalence is the number of cases at a specific point in time, while lifetime prevalence is the total number of cases over a lifetime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of evidence-based practice in promoting well-being in children and their families?

<p>To integrate research and clinical expertise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents?

<p>1 in 5 children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the professionals involved in the coordination of services for children?

<p>Physicians, teachers, psychologists, and other relevant professionals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in determining prevalence?

<p>Variability in reporting and data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported by the CMHA regarding emergency department visits between 2008-09 and 2018-19?

<p>A 61% increase in emergency department visits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Four C's of Ethical Standards?

<p>Competence, Confidentiality, Consent, and Conflict of Interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of incidence in the context of mental disorders?

<p>The number of new cases of mental disorders within a specific time period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the limitations of confidentiality in working with children?

<p>Danger to self or others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ethics in working with children?

<p>Respect for people's rights and dignity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding prevalence and incidence in mental health?

<p>To allocate resources for mental health services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between prevalence and incidence?

<p>Prevalence is the total number of cases, while incidence is the number of new cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do psychologists, psychiatrists, and other professionals need to avoid in working with children?

<p>Multiple relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence?

<p>Doing no harm and promoting well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the professionals involved in the treatment of children?

<p>Pediatricians, nurses, marriage and family therapists, social workers, speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists, and special education teachers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prevalence and Incidence of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents

  • Prevalence refers to the percentage of children in a population with a disorder.
  • Incidence refers to the percentage of new cases in a given time frame.
  • 1 in 5 Canadian children have a mental health disorder.
  • 40% of children with a mental health disorder have more than one disorder.
  • Prevalence is higher in adolescence than younger childhood.

Factors that Contribute to Prevalence and Incidence

  • Age: prevalence increases with age.
  • Gender:
    • Boys: more likely to have autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and conduct problems.
    • Girls: more likely to have depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
  • Socioeconomic Status (SES):
    • 3 aspects: parental education, employment, and family income.
    • Lower SES associated with increased risk of psychological disorders.
  • Race and Ethnicity:
    • Complex relationship with childhood disorders.
    • Differences in SES across ethnicities.
    • Minority groups more likely to be low SES.
    • Likelihood of identification and treatment varies across ethnic groups.

Access to Treatment

  • Only half of children with mental health disorders receive treatment.
  • ADHD more likely to receive treatment, anxiety least likely.
  • Increased use of psychotropic medication, especially for ADHD.
  • Barriers to treatment include:
    • Economic barriers.
    • Socio-cultural factors.
    • Lack of experts in child mental health.
    • Stigma.

Evidence-Based Practice

  • Integrates scientific research, clinical expertise, and patient characteristics.
  • Three factors:
    • Scientific research.
    • Clinical expertise.
    • Patient characteristics.

Treatment Providers

  • Multiple care providers involved, including:
    • Psychologists.
    • Psychiatrists.
    • Pediatricians.
    • Nurses.
    • Marriage and family therapists.
    • Social workers.
    • Speech-language pathologists.
    • Occupational therapists and special education teachers.
    • School counselors and child life experts.

Ethical Considerations

  • APA ethics code guides practice and research.
  • Ethical principles:
    • Beneficence and nonmaleficence.
    • Fidelity and responsibility.
    • Integrity.
    • Justice.
    • Respect for people's rights and dignity.
  • Special ethical issues in working with children:
    • Competence.
    • Consent.
    • Confidentiality.
    • Conflicts of interest.

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Description

This quiz covers the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in children and adolescents, factors influencing childhood disorders, access and barriers to treatment, and evidence-based practice in distinguishing between treatment providers.

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