Mental Health Foundations and Practices
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Mental Health Foundations and Practices

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What is the primary role of the superego in the psyche?

  • To manage unconscious drives and desires
  • To represent internalized societal values and standards (correct)
  • To govern rational thinking and decision making
  • To facilitate emotional responses to situations
  • Which of the following is NOT a common defense mechanism?

  • Splitting (correct)
  • Displacement
  • Repression
  • Sublimation
  • During which stage of grief does an individual typically begin to accept the reality of their loss?

  • Bargaining
  • Denial
  • Depression
  • Acceptance (correct)
  • Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of doing no harm?

    <p>Nonmaleficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?

    <p>Inability to form healthy emotional attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic responses in mental health settings?

    <p>To set up a client relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to mental illness?

    <p>Personal beliefs about success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cultural competence practices in psych nursing include?

    <p>Using culturally appropriate language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's theory, which component of personality contains repressed desires and impulses?

    <p>Id</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is considered an example of holistic practice?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is 'esteem' classified?

    <p>Higher level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following expresses the concept of 'unconditional positive regard'?

    <p>Recognizing the inherent worth of a client regardless of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active listening primarily focused on?

    <p>Concentrating exclusively on what the patient is saying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of inconsistent caretaking in children?

    <p>Avoiding eye contact and physical touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral disorder is characterized by a lack of inhibition around strangers?

    <p>Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is commonly used for PTSD?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What general side effect can occur from first-generation antipsychotic drugs?

    <p>Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to mental illness?

    <p>Strong social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common first-line medication for treating PTSD?

    <p>Fluoxetine (Prozac)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy focuses on the reassociation of memories in dissociative disorders?

    <p>Group therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves a fear of being in places where escape might be difficult?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticholinergic drug is used to treat acute dystonia from antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Benztropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of disinhibited social engagement disorder?

    <p>Overly friendly interactions with strangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stages of Anxiety

    • Therapeutic response - goal is to establish a comfortable relationship with the client.
    • Active listening - concentrate exclusively on what the patient is saying.
    • Active observation - watch non-verbal actions as the patient communicates.

    Mental Health VS Mental Illness

    • Mental health - difficult to define. Many factors influence it, including personal, relationship, and environmental factors.
    • Mental illness - disorders that affect mood, behavior, and thinking, causing distress and impairment. Factors contributing: personal (biology, worrisome thoughts), interpersonal (ineffective communication), and social/cultural (negative world view).

    Cultural Competence in Mental Health

    • Actively listen while considering the patient's cultural perspective on mental health.
    • Ask about their beliefs regarding illness and treatment.
    • Use culturally appropriate language and respect personal space norms.
    • Examples: Asian patients with eye contact, Hispanic patients with nervous tendencies, and Muslim patients with medication regulations during Ramadan.

    Holistic Practices

    • Acupuncture
    • Breathwork
    • Massage
    • Stress management
    • Meditation

    Humanistic Theory

    • Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs: basic physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
    • Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, focusing on the client's role in therapy.
    • Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathetic understanding are core principles of client-centered therapy.

    Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

    • All human behavior is caused and explainable, driven by repressed sexual impulses and desires.
    • Personality components: Id (primitive, instinctive part of the unconscious, including the libido), Ego (the "you" that you project to the world), Superego (moral component, representing internalized societal values and standards).
    • Behavior is motivated by subconscious thoughts and feelings.
    • Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of the mind.
    • Freudian slips, dream analysis, and ego defense mechanisms.
    • Common defense mechanisms: displacement, repression, sublimation, regression
    • Psycho-sexual stages of development: Oral, Anal, Phallic/Oedipal, Latency, Genital.
    • Transference and counter-transference.

    Promoting Mental Health

    • Creating a safe and supportive environment
    • Active listening
    • Encouraging self-care
    • Educating about mental illness
    • Utilizing therapeutic communication to empower patients

    Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)

    • Denial
    • Anger
    • Bargaining
    • Depression
    • Acceptance

    Ethical Principles

    • Autonomy: Right to self-determination and independence
    • Beneficence: Duty to benefit others or promote good
    • Nonmaleficence: Requirement to do no harm
    • Justice: Fairness
    • Veracity: Honesty and truthfulness
    • Fidelity: Obligation to honor commitments and contracts

    Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

    • Occurs before age 5 due to neglect.
    • Child doesn't form healthy emotional bonds with caregivers.
    • Causes: Abuse/neglect, food insecurity, safety concerns, lack of hygiene, multiple caretakers, inconsistent caretakers.
    • Symptoms: Not showing positive emotion, avoiding eye contact and physical touch, expressing fear or anger, seeking control in their environment, avoiding caregivers, withdrawing socially, resisting comfort, and delayed developmental milestones.
    • Complications: Depression, PTSD, anger management, eating disorders, substance abuse, school struggles, relationship problems.
    • Treatment: Psychotherapy, family therapy, social skills training, special education, and parenting classes.

    Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

    • Behavioral disorder in young children characterized by a lack of inhibition around strangers.
    • Causes: Often stemming from abuse, danger at home, food insecurity, trauma, and violence.
    • Symptoms: Overly friendly with strangers, leaving with strangers without parental permission, acting younger than their age, seeking affection from others in unsafe ways, going off with any stranger without hesitation.
    • Treatment: Psychotherapy and parental training.

    PTSD Treatment

    • Counseling and therapy (individual or group)
    • Medications: SSRI's (sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxetine), SNRI's (venlafaxine).
    • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
    • Exposure therapy
    • Relaxation techniques
    • Cognitive processing therapy
    • Community-based care
    • Mental health promotion

    Factors Contributing to Mental Illness

    • Biological factors (chemical imbalances)
    • Life experiences (abuse, trauma, death)
    • Family history (history of mental illness)
    • Substance abuse
    • Medical conditions
    • Environment
    • Childhood experiences
    • Social isolation

    First-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

    • Treat symptoms of psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors.
    • Examples: Chlopromazine, Fluphenazine, Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Loxapine.
    • Side effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), Tardive Dyskinesia, anticholinergic side effects.
    • Client education: Adherence to regimen, managing side effects (dry mouth, constipation, sleepiness).
    • Missed dose actions: Dose if within four hours of usual time.

    Acute Dystonia Treatment

    • Characterized by torticollis, opisthotonus, and oculogyric crisis, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions.
    • Treatment: Anticholinergic drugs (benztropine or diphenhydramine), benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam), or dopamine antagonists (haloperidol or risperidone).

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Subconscious defense mechanism to prevent recognition of a traumatic event, characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.
    • Types: Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization/derealization disorder.
    • Treatment: Individual therapy, group therapy (focusing on reassociation), and medication for anxiety, depression, or both.

    Agoraphobia

    • Intense fear of being in places where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.
    • Examples: Fear of being in open spaces, crowds, public transportation, or enclosed spaces.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the stages of anxiety, differentiates between mental health and mental illness, and emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in mental health treatment. Test your knowledge on effective therapeutic responses, active listening, and the influence of cultural perspectives on mental health.

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