Mental Health Foundations and Practices

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the superego in the psyche?

To manage unconscious drives and desires

To represent internalized societal values and standards (correct)

To govern rational thinking and decision making

To facilitate emotional responses to situations

Which of the following is NOT a common defense mechanism?

Splitting (correct)

Displacement

Repression

Sublimation

During which stage of grief does an individual typically begin to accept the reality of their loss?

Bargaining

Denial

Depression

Acceptance (correct)

Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of doing no harm?

Nonmaleficence Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?

Inability to form healthy emotional attachments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapeutic responses in mental health settings?

To set up a client relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to mental illness?

Personal beliefs about success Signup and view all the answers

What do cultural competence practices in psych nursing include?

Using culturally appropriate language Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's theory, which component of personality contains repressed desires and impulses?

Id Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is considered an example of holistic practice?

Acupuncture Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is 'esteem' classified?

Higher level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expresses the concept of 'unconditional positive regard'?

Recognizing the inherent worth of a client regardless of actions Signup and view all the answers

What is active listening primarily focused on?

Concentrating exclusively on what the patient is saying Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of inconsistent caretaking in children?

Avoiding eye contact and physical touch Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral disorder is characterized by a lack of inhibition around strangers?

Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is commonly used for PTSD?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Signup and view all the answers

What general side effect can occur from first-generation antipsychotic drugs?

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to mental illness?

Strong social relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is a common first-line medication for treating PTSD?

Fluoxetine (Prozac) Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy focuses on the reassociation of memories in dissociative disorders?

Group therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves a fear of being in places where escape might be difficult?

Agoraphobia Signup and view all the answers

Which anticholinergic drug is used to treat acute dystonia from antipsychotic medications?

Benztropine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of disinhibited social engagement disorder?

Overly friendly interactions with strangers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stages of Anxiety

Therapeutic response - goal is to establish a comfortable relationship with the client.
Active listening - concentrate exclusively on what the patient is saying.
Active observation - watch non-verbal actions as the patient communicates.

Mental Health VS Mental Illness

Mental health - difficult to define. Many factors influence it, including personal, relationship, and environmental factors.
Mental illness - disorders that affect mood, behavior, and thinking, causing distress and impairment. Factors contributing: personal (biology, worrisome thoughts), interpersonal (ineffective communication), and social/cultural (negative world view).

Cultural Competence in Mental Health

Actively listen while considering the patient's cultural perspective on mental health.
Ask about their beliefs regarding illness and treatment.
Use culturally appropriate language and respect personal space norms.
Examples: Asian patients with eye contact, Hispanic patients with nervous tendencies, and Muslim patients with medication regulations during Ramadan.

Holistic Practices

Acupuncture
Breathwork
Massage
Stress management
Meditation

Humanistic Theory

Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs: basic physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, focusing on the client's role in therapy.
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathetic understanding are core principles of client-centered therapy.

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

All human behavior is caused and explainable, driven by repressed sexual impulses and desires.
Personality components: Id (primitive, instinctive part of the unconscious, including the libido), Ego (the "you" that you project to the world), Superego (moral component, representing internalized societal values and standards).
Behavior is motivated by subconscious thoughts and feelings.
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of the mind.
Freudian slips, dream analysis, and ego defense mechanisms.
Common defense mechanisms: displacement, repression, sublimation, regression
Psycho-sexual stages of development: Oral, Anal, Phallic/Oedipal, Latency, Genital.
Transference and counter-transference.

Promoting Mental Health

Creating a safe and supportive environment
Active listening
Encouraging self-care
Educating about mental illness
Utilizing therapeutic communication to empower patients

Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Ethical Principles

Autonomy: Right to self-determination and independence
Beneficence: Duty to benefit others or promote good
Nonmaleficence: Requirement to do no harm
Justice: Fairness
Veracity: Honesty and truthfulness
Fidelity: Obligation to honor commitments and contracts

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

Occurs before age 5 due to neglect.
Child doesn't form healthy emotional bonds with caregivers.
Causes: Abuse/neglect, food insecurity, safety concerns, lack of hygiene, multiple caretakers, inconsistent caretakers.
Symptoms: Not showing positive emotion, avoiding eye contact and physical touch, expressing fear or anger, seeking control in their environment, avoiding caregivers, withdrawing socially, resisting comfort, and delayed developmental milestones.
Complications: Depression, PTSD, anger management, eating disorders, substance abuse, school struggles, relationship problems.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, family therapy, social skills training, special education, and parenting classes.

Behavioral disorder in young children characterized by a lack of inhibition around strangers.
Causes: Often stemming from abuse, danger at home, food insecurity, trauma, and violence.
Symptoms: Overly friendly with strangers, leaving with strangers without parental permission, acting younger than their age, seeking affection from others in unsafe ways, going off with any stranger without hesitation.
Treatment: Psychotherapy and parental training.

PTSD Treatment

Counseling and therapy (individual or group)
Medications: SSRI's (sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxetine), SNRI's (venlafaxine).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Exposure therapy
Relaxation techniques
Cognitive processing therapy
Community-based care
Mental health promotion

Factors Contributing to Mental Illness

Biological factors (chemical imbalances)
Life experiences (abuse, trauma, death)
Family history (history of mental illness)
Substance abuse
Medical conditions
Environment
Childhood experiences
Social isolation

First-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

Treat symptoms of psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors.
Examples: Chlopromazine, Fluphenazine, Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Loxapine.
Side effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), Tardive Dyskinesia, anticholinergic side effects.
Client education: Adherence to regimen, managing side effects (dry mouth, constipation, sleepiness).
Missed dose actions: Dose if within four hours of usual time.

Acute Dystonia Treatment

Characterized by torticollis, opisthotonus, and oculogyric crisis, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions.
Treatment: Anticholinergic drugs (benztropine or diphenhydramine), benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam), or dopamine antagonists (haloperidol or risperidone).

Dissociative Disorders

Subconscious defense mechanism to prevent recognition of a traumatic event, characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.
Types: Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization/derealization disorder.
Treatment: Individual therapy, group therapy (focusing on reassociation), and medication for anxiety, depression, or both.

Agoraphobia

Intense fear of being in places where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.
Examples: Fear of being in open spaces, crowds, public transportation, or enclosed spaces.

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Description

This quiz explores the stages of anxiety, differentiates between mental health and mental illness, and emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in mental health treatment. Test your knowledge on effective therapeutic responses, active listening, and the influence of cultural perspectives on mental health.